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ANAT1019 Regional > Leg and Foot Region > Flashcards

Leg and Foot Region Flashcards

1
Q

Which bone of the leg is largest both proximally and distally?

A

Tibia

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2
Q

How many tarsal bones are there?

A

seven

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3
Q

Which bone of the foot articulates with the leg?

A

Talus

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4
Q

Which bones comprise the ankle joint?

A

Talocrural joint- talus and tibia and fibula

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5
Q

What is the external twist in the diaphysis of the tibia called?

A

external torsion

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6
Q

What comprises the rear foot?

A

Talus and calcaneus

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7
Q

What comprises the mid foot?

A

Navicular, 3 cuneiforms and cuboid

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8
Q

What comprises the forefoot?

A

metatarsals and phalanges

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9
Q

What is the function of the sesamoid bones of the foot?

A

under head of first MT, improve moment arm of flexor hallucis brevis

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10
Q

What is the midline of the foot?

A

2nd digit and metatarsal

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11
Q

Which metatarsal is the thickest?

A

1st metatarsal

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12
Q

Where does the transverse arch run through?

A

Bases of metatarsals

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13
Q

What does the arch of the foot do?

A

stops compression of nerves and arteries when standing

shock absorption and energy return for propulsion, allows deformable feet to adapt to different surfaces

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14
Q

What is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone?

A

Navicular, maximum tonsil load at middle 1/3- sit of hypovascularity (poor blood supply)

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15
Q

What type of joint is talocrural?

A

Synovial hinge joint

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16
Q

What movement occurs at the talocrural joint?

A

Dorsi and plantarflexion

17
Q

What is pronation of the foot?

A

eversion, abduction, dorsiflexion

18
Q

What is supination of the foot?

A

inversion, adduction, plantar flexion

19
Q

Describe the distal inferior tibiofibular joint

A

amphiarthrosis, designed for stability, syndesmosis

20
Q

From which aspect is the dome of talus widest?

A

anteriorly

21
Q

During which movement is the widest aspect of dome in the mortis?

A

dorsiflexion- close packed portion of joint

22
Q

Which movement can fracture tibia/ tear anterior tibiofibular ligament?

A

ER of foot relative to leg, turns talus within mortise, forces separation of distal tibia and fibula

23
Q

What does the head of talus articulate with?

A

Navicular

24
Q

what does anterior aspect of calcaneus articulate with?

A

Cuboid

25
Q

What type of joint is Calcaneocuboid?

A

Gliding

26
Q

what is the subtlalar joint?

A

posterior calcanea facet and talus

27
Q

what is the talocalcaneonavicular joint?

A

middle and anterior calcanea facets, navicular, spring ligament and talus

28
Q

where is the sustentaculum tali?

A

protrusion on medial calcaneous

29
Q

where does the spring ligament run between?

A

sustentaculum tali and navicular, makes acetabulum for head of talus, considered constrained ball and socket joint

30
Q

what is the transverse tarsal joint

A

talacalcaneonavicular + calcaneocuboid= joint between rear foot and mid foot

31
Q

What classification are the inter tarsal joints?

A

Gliding

32
Q

What classification are the tarsometatarsal joints?

A

Gliding

33
Q

Which is the least mobile TMT joint?

A

2nd

34
Q

What is the most commonly sprained ankle ligament?

A

anterior talofibular ligament- plantar flexion and inversion cause

35
Q

What is the most superficial structure on the plantar aspect of the foot?

A

Plantar fascia

36
Q

What does the plantar fascia do during gait?

A

Provides rigid push of during gait:
pushes calcaneal tuberosity posteriorly + metatarsal phalangeal extension
> tensions plantar aponeurosis
> holds foot rigid for push off

37
Q

What are the other functions of the plantar fascia?

A

2x tensile strength of any other plantar ligaments
proprioception
major support for arches

ANAT1019 Regional (1 decks)

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