Leg and Foot Region Flashcards
Which bone of the leg is largest both proximally and distally?
Tibia
How many tarsal bones are there?
seven
Which bone of the foot articulates with the leg?
Talus
Which bones comprise the ankle joint?
Talocrural joint- talus and tibia and fibula
What is the external twist in the diaphysis of the tibia called?
external torsion
What comprises the rear foot?
Talus and calcaneus
What comprises the mid foot?
Navicular, 3 cuneiforms and cuboid
What comprises the forefoot?
metatarsals and phalanges
What is the function of the sesamoid bones of the foot?
under head of first MT, improve moment arm of flexor hallucis brevis
What is the midline of the foot?
2nd digit and metatarsal
Which metatarsal is the thickest?
1st metatarsal
Where does the transverse arch run through?
Bases of metatarsals
What does the arch of the foot do?
stops compression of nerves and arteries when standing
shock absorption and energy return for propulsion, allows deformable feet to adapt to different surfaces
What is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone?
Navicular, maximum tonsil load at middle 1/3- sit of hypovascularity (poor blood supply)
What type of joint is talocrural?
Synovial hinge joint
What movement occurs at the talocrural joint?
Dorsi and plantarflexion
What is pronation of the foot?
eversion, abduction, dorsiflexion
What is supination of the foot?
inversion, adduction, plantar flexion
Describe the distal inferior tibiofibular joint
amphiarthrosis, designed for stability, syndesmosis
From which aspect is the dome of talus widest?
anteriorly
During which movement is the widest aspect of dome in the mortis?
dorsiflexion- close packed portion of joint
Which movement can fracture tibia/ tear anterior tibiofibular ligament?
ER of foot relative to leg, turns talus within mortise, forces separation of distal tibia and fibula
What does the head of talus articulate with?
Navicular
what does anterior aspect of calcaneus articulate with?
Cuboid
What type of joint is Calcaneocuboid?
Gliding
what is the subtlalar joint?
posterior calcanea facet and talus
what is the talocalcaneonavicular joint?
middle and anterior calcanea facets, navicular, spring ligament and talus
where is the sustentaculum tali?
protrusion on medial calcaneous
where does the spring ligament run between?
sustentaculum tali and navicular, makes acetabulum for head of talus, considered constrained ball and socket joint
what is the transverse tarsal joint
talacalcaneonavicular + calcaneocuboid= joint between rear foot and mid foot
What classification are the inter tarsal joints?
Gliding
What classification are the tarsometatarsal joints?
Gliding
Which is the least mobile TMT joint?
2nd
What is the most commonly sprained ankle ligament?
anterior talofibular ligament- plantar flexion and inversion cause
What is the most superficial structure on the plantar aspect of the foot?
Plantar fascia
What does the plantar fascia do during gait?
Provides rigid push of during gait:
pushes calcaneal tuberosity posteriorly + metatarsal phalangeal extension
> tensions plantar aponeurosis
> holds foot rigid for push off
What are the other functions of the plantar fascia?
2x tensile strength of any other plantar ligaments
proprioception
major support for arches
