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SF1.18 Leg and Ankle (MULHERON) > Leg and Ankle > Flashcards

Leg and Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

crural fascia:

A
  • deep fascia of the leg
  • gives rise to three septum that divide the leg into four compartments
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2
Q

Label:

A
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3
Q

Label:

A
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4
Q

Label:

A

TibiofibularJoint

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5
Q

What bone of the ankle articulates with the tibia and fibula?

A
  • talus
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6
Q

What bone sits on top of calcaneous?

A

talus

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7
Q

What bones articulate with talus?

A
  • inferior: calcaneous
  • anterior: navicular
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8
Q

Bones in the following compartments:

  1. hindfoot
  2. midfoot
  3. forefoot
A
  1. hindfoot: talus and calcaneous
  2. midfoot: navicular
  3. forefoot: metatarsals
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9
Q

sustentaculum tali:

A
  • shelf part of the calcaneus which supports the talus
  • where the spring ligament attaches
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10
Q

Structure of the talus:

A
  • trochlea: articulates with tibia/fibula
  • neck: articulates with sustentaculum tali/calcaneous
  • head: articulates with navicularis & sustentaculum tali/calcaneous
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11
Q

What part of the foot allow for twisting motion of the foot?

A
  • midfoot: navicular bone
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12
Q

Label:

A
  • CB = cuboid
  • LC = lateral cuneiform
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13
Q

Septum of the leg:

A
  • arise from the crural fascia
    • anterior intermuscular septum
    • posterior intermuscular septum
    • transverse intermuscular septum
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14
Q

Borders of the leg compartments:

A
  1. anterior intermuscular septum:
    • ​divides anterior from lateral
  2. posterior intermuscular septum:
    • divides lateral from posterior superficial
  3. transverse intermuscular septum:
    • divides poseterior superficial from deep posterior
  4. Interosseous membrane:
    • divides deep posterior from anterior
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15
Q

Anterior Compartment syndrome:

A
  • When pressure is increased in the anterior leg compartment such that the vascular supply collapses and the superficial fibular nerve is compressed.
  • Due to exercise overactivity or trauma.
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16
Q

Symptoms of compartment syndrome:

A
  • pain much more severe than consistent with injury
  • burning pain
  • leg tightness
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17
Q

Treatment of compartment syndrome:

A

fasciotomy

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18
Q

Label:

A
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19
Q

Anterior leg muscles, from lateral to medial:

A

DHT

  • Ext. Digitorum Longus (EDL)
  • Ext. Hallucis Longus (EHL)
  • Tibialis Anterior (TA)
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20
Q

Point of vulnerability for common fibular nerve:

A
  • head of the fibula - very superficial
  • winds around, then goes into the lateral compartment first, and deep fibullar nerve goes to the front
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21
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Extensor retinacula

  • prevent bowstringing of the tendons crossing the ankle joint
22
Q

Label:

A
  • nerve: superficial fibular
23
Q

Lateral leg muscles and their function:

A
  • Fibularis Longus (FL)
  • Fibularis Brevis (FB)
  • Action: ankle eversion
24
Q

Label:

A

fibular retinacula

25
Q

Label:

A

flexor retinaculum

26
Q

Arteries of the anterior and posterior leg:

A
  • popliteal artery divides into anterior tibial and posterior tibial
  • fibular artery branches off posterior tibial
27
Q

What is the blood supply to the top of the foot?

A
  • dorsalis pedis
  • continuation of anterior tibial artery
28
Q

What is the blood supply to the sole of the foot?

A
  • medial plantar arch
  • lateral plantar arch
  • BOTH BRANCH OFF POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
29
Q

dorsalis pedis is immediately lateral to:

A
  • the extensor hallucis longus tendon.
30
Q

Ankle Brachial Index (ABI):

A
  • comparison of brachial pulse to dorsal pedis pulse
  • If ABI is not one, it is an indicator of vascular disease.
31
Q

A high ankle sprain is when what ligament tears?

A
  • tibiofibular ligament
  • tibia and fibula move away from each other.
32
Q

The three joints of the ankle:

A
  • Talocrural
  • Subtalar
  • Transverse Tarsal
33
Q

Talocrural joint structure and movements:

A
  • between tibia, fibula, and talus
  • mortise and tenon structure
  • Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion
34
Q

Subtalar joint structure and movements:

A
  • between calcaneous and talus
  • hinge structure
  • Inversion/Eversion
35
Q

Transverse tarsal joint movements:

A
  • Midfoot-Inversion & Eversion
36
Q

What muscles act to invert the ankle (inversion)?

A
  • tibialis posterior
  • tibialis anterior
37
Q

What ankle ligament is this and what is its action?

A

medial collateral ligament

resists eversion

38
Q

What ankle ligament is this and what is its action?

A

lateral collateral ligament

resists inversion

39
Q

What ligament is the most commonly strained/torn ligament during inverted ankle sprains?

A
  • Anterior talofibular ligament (part of the LCL)
  • Because these ligaments attach so tightly to the bone, there may
  • also be an avulsion fracture on the fibula.
40
Q

What ankle ligament is this and what is its function?

(medial side)

A
  • spring ligament
  • supports the head of the talus.
  • Aids propelling us in lifting the foot off of the ground.
41
Q

Flat foot occurs due to damage to what ligament?

A

spring ligament

42
Q

What structure is this and what is its function?

A

plantar fascia/aponeurosis.

  • Creates friction between the foot and the ground.
  • Protects neurovascular structures of the foot.
43
Q

Dorsum foot motor and sensory innervation:

A
  • Motor: Deep Fibular
  • Sensory: Superficial Fibular (L5)
44
Q

Plantar Surface of foot motor and sensory innervation:

A

Medial/Lateral Plantar (Tibial)

45
Q

Label:

A

plantar surface nerves

  • more medial: medial plantar
  • more lateral: lateral plantar
46
Q

Motor nerve innervation to the big toe:

A

medial plantar nerve

arises from tibial nerve

47
Q

Label:

A
  • dorsal pedis artery
  • just lateral to ext. hallucis longus
48
Q

Intermittent Claudication:

A
  • occlusive disease
  • results from an inability to increase blood flow at times of increased demand
49
Q

Femoral occlusive disease will cause:

A

calf pain

50
Q

Popliteal and distal occlusive disease will cause:

A

foot pain

51
Q

Treatment for intermittent claudication:

A

stent or graft around occluded artery

SF1.18 Leg and Ankle (MULHERON) (1 decks)

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