Leg Anatomy Flashcards
What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle
Superior border - Inguinal ligament
Lateral border - Satorius muscle e
Medial border - Adductor Longus muscle
Roof - Fascia Lata
Floor - Pectinues, ilipsoas, adductor longus muscle
What are the contents of the femoral triangle
NAVAL - Lateral to medial
Nerve artery vein, empty space, lymph nodes
What are the borders of the popiteal fossa
Superior laterally - Bicep Femoris
Superior Medially - Semimembranous
Inferior medially - Medial head of gastronemius
Inferior laterally - Lateral had of gastronemius -
What are the contents of the polpiteal fossa?
Tibial nerve, common peroneal nerve, popiteal artery, popiteal vein, lymph nodes
What are the compartments of the lower leg
Anterior compartment of leg - Tibialis anterior, extensor digitorium hallux, extensor digitorium longus. Fibularis Tertius
Lateral compartment of leg - Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
Posterior compartment -
Superficial - Gastronemius, Soleus, plantaris
Deep muscles - Polpiteus, Flexor digatroium longus, flexor digitorium hallicus, tibialis posterior
What seperates the anterior and deep posterior compartment of the leg
Interiossus membrane
What separates the anterior and lateral portion of the leg
Anterior crural intramuscular septum
What separates the lateral and posterior compartment of the leg
Posterior crural intramuscular septum
What structures pass anterior to the medial malleolus
Great saphenous vein
Saphenous nerve
What structures pass posterior to the medial malleolus
Tom Dick and very nervous harry.
Tibialis Posetior
Flexor digitorum longes
Posterior Tibial artery
Posterior Tibial vein
Tibial neve
Flexor Hallicus longus
What structures pass behind the lateral malleolus
Short saphenous vein
Peroneus longus
Perneus brevis
Sural nerve
What motor and sensory deficits would you get with a tibial nerve palsy
Loss of plantar flexion of the foot.
Loss of sensation over the sole of the foot.
What sensory deficits would you get with a common peroneal palsy
Lateral compartment of the leg (superficial nerve) - Loss of eversion
Loss of sensation over lateral leg and dorsum of the foot
Anterior compartment (deep peroneal - Loss of dorsiflexion and first webspace.
What are the ligaments of the syndesmosis
Anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
Posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
Interosseous membrane
Arterial supply lower limb?
Femoral artery is continuation of the external iliac artery.
External iliac becomes a femoral artery once entering the femoral triangle and passing under the inguinal ligament.
Branch of femoral artery given from posterior aspect, profunda femoris artery given off in femoral triangle.
After exiting femoral triangle travels down adductor canal, exiting at the adductor hiatus, which is an opening of adductor magnus.
Then travels into the posterior compartment of the leg, entering the polpital fossa to become the popiteal artery.
In the popliteal fossa it gives off genicular branches that supply the knee joint. In the popliteal fossa it bifurcates into the tibioperoneal trunk and the anterior tibial artery.
Tibial trunk further bifurcates into the posterior tibial and peroneal artery which both travel down the posterior compartment of the leg.
Peroneal artery travels in the posterior compartment of the leg and gives perforating branches to the lateral compartment.
Anterior tibial artery passes underneath the extensor retinaculum and continues as the dorsalis pedis.
What branches does the profunda femoris artery give off?
Perforating branches
Medial circumflex arteries
Laterla circumflex arteries
Whats the course of the femoral nerve?
Femoral nerve arises from roots L2-L4, largest branch of the lumbar plexus. Femoral nerve travels inferior to psoas major muscle. Femoral nerve then travels underneath the inguinal ligament to enter the femoral triangle.
The femoral nerve then divides into the anterior and posterior branches.
Anterior branches:
Anterior cutenous
Branch to sartorius
Branch to pectineus
Posterior divisions:
Saphenous nerve
Branch to quadriceps
What might you expect to see if the femoral nerve is injured?
Weakness in hip flexion and knee extension.
Reduced sensation of anterior and medial portion of the thigh.
Reduced sensation on medial side of leg and foot.
What are the motor functions of the femoral nerve?
Hip Flexors:
Pectineus
Iliacus
Sartorius
Knee Extensors:
Quadricep: Vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris.
What is the surface landmark of the superfical peroneal nerve?
10cm proximal to the tip of the lateral malleolus
What are the ligaments of the ankle?
Medial - Deltoid ligament
Lateral -
Anterior talo-fibular ligament
Posterior talo-fibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament
