Leg

Question 1

What nerve supplies the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 1

The tibial nerve
- superficial > gastrocneumius, soleus and plantaris
- deep - popliteus, flexor hallucis longus and tibialis posterior

Question 2

How many compartments of the leg are there and what separates them?

Answer 2

anterior and posterior separated by the interosseous membrane
anterior and lateral separated by anterior fascial septum
lateral and posterior separated by posterior fascial septum

Question 3

Which muscles are found within the anterior compartment, what is their blood and nerve supply?

Answer 3

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
peroneus tertius

anterior tibial artery

deep peroneal nerve

Question 4

What are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment, what is there blood and nerve supply?

Answer 4

Gastrocneumius
plantaris
soleus

tibial

posterior tibial artery

Question 5

What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg, what is their blood and nerve supply?

Answer 5

Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitalis longus
tibialis posterior

tibial nerve

posterior tibial artery

Question 6

What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg, what is their blood and nerve supply

Answer 6

Peroneus longus and brevis

superficial peroneal nerve

peroneal artery

Question 7

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg

Answer 7

the deep peroneal nerve (anterior tibial nerve)

Question 8

What are the actions of tibialis anterior?

Answer 8

dorsiflexion and inversion

Question 9

What are the action of tibialis posterior

Answer 9

plantarflexion and inversion

Question 10

What are the actions of peroneus longus?

Answer 10

eversion and abduction

Question 11

What are the actions of peroneus brevis

Answer 11

eversion

Question 12

What are the actions of the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 12

Plantar flexion

Question 13

What are the signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome lower leg

Answer 13

pain out of proportion to the injury sustained
a swollen leg
pain worsened on passive stretching of the ankle
paraesthesia
pulselessness
paralysis

Question 14

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of tibialis anterior?

Answer 14

Origin - lateral tibia

insertion - medial cuneiform first metatarsal

action - dorsiflexing, inverting foot

Innervation - deep peroneal nerve (L4)

Question 15

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of extensor hallucis longus

Answer 15

Origin - mid-fibula

Insertion - great tose, distal phalanx

Action - Dorisflexing/ extending toe

Innervation - Deep peroneal nerve (l5)

Question 16

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of extensor digitorum longus?

Answer 16

Origin - tibial condyle/fibula

Insertion - toe, middle and distal phalanx

Action - dorsiflexing, extending great toe

Innervation - deep peroneal nerve (L5)

Question 17

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of peroneus tertius?

Answer 17

Origin - fibula and extensor digitorum longus tendon

Insertion - 5th metatarsal

Action - everting, dorsiflexing and abducting foot

Innervation - Deep peroneal nerve (S1)

Question 18

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of peroneus longus?

Answer 18

Origin - proximal fibula

insertion - medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal

Action - everting, plantar flexing, abducting the foot

Innervation - superficial peroneal nerve (S1)

Question 19

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of peroneus brevis?

Answer 19

Origin - distal fibula

Insertion - tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

Action - everting foot

Innervation - Superficial peroneal nerve (S1)

Question 20

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of gastrocnemius?

Answer 20

Origin - posterior medial and lateral femoral condyles

Insertion - calcaneus

Action - plantar flexing foot

Innveration - Tibial nerve (S1)

Question 21

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of Plantaris?

Answer 21

Lateral femoral condyle

insertion - calcaneus

Action - plantar flexing foot

Innervation - tibial nerve (s1)

Question 22

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of Soleus?

Answer 22

Origin - fibula/tibia

Insertion - calcaneus

Action - plantar flexing foot

Innervation - Tibial S1 nerve

Question 23

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of popliteus

Answer 23

Origin - Lateral femoral condyle, fibular head

Insertion - proximal tibia

Action - flexing, internally rotating knee

Innervation - Tibial nerve (L5,S1)

Question 24

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of flexor hallucis longus?

Answer 24

Origin - fibula

Insertion - great toe, distal phalanx

Action - plantar flexing great toe

Innervation - tibial S1 nerve

Question 25

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of flexor digitorum longus

Answer 25

Origin - tibia

Insertion- 2nd to 5th toes, distal phalanges

Action - plantar flexing toes, foot

Innervation - tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Question 26

What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of Tibialis posterior?

Answer 26

Origin - tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane

Insertion - navicular, medial cuneiform

action - inverting/plantar flexing foot

innervation - tibial (L4,L5) nreve