Leg Flashcards
What nerve supplies the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg?
The tibial nerve
- superficial > gastrocneumius, soleus and plantaris
- deep - popliteus, flexor hallucis longus and tibialis posterior
How many compartments of the leg are there and what separates them?
anterior and posterior separated by the interosseous membrane
anterior and lateral separated by anterior fascial septum
lateral and posterior separated by posterior fascial septum
Which muscles are found within the anterior compartment, what is their blood and nerve supply?
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
peroneus tertius
anterior tibial artery
deep peroneal nerve
What are the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment, what is there blood and nerve supply?
Gastrocneumius
plantaris
soleus
tibial
posterior tibial artery
What are the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg, what is their blood and nerve supply?
Popliteus
Flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitalis longus
tibialis posterior
tibial nerve
posterior tibial artery
What are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg, what is their blood and nerve supply
Peroneus longus and brevis
superficial peroneal nerve
peroneal artery
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg
the deep peroneal nerve (anterior tibial nerve)
What are the actions of tibialis anterior?
dorsiflexion and inversion
What are the action of tibialis posterior
plantarflexion and inversion
What are the actions of peroneus longus?
eversion and abduction
What are the actions of peroneus brevis
eversion
What are the actions of the muscles of the superficial posterior compartment of the leg
Plantar flexion
What are the signs and symptoms of compartment syndrome lower leg
pain out of proportion to the injury sustained
a swollen leg
pain worsened on passive stretching of the ankle
paraesthesia
pulselessness
paralysis
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of tibialis anterior?
Origin - lateral tibia
insertion - medial cuneiform first metatarsal
action - dorsiflexing, inverting foot
Innervation - deep peroneal nerve (L4)
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of extensor hallucis longus
Origin - mid-fibula
Insertion - great tose, distal phalanx
Action - Dorisflexing/ extending toe
Innervation - Deep peroneal nerve (l5)
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of extensor digitorum longus?
Origin - tibial condyle/fibula
Insertion - toe, middle and distal phalanx
Action - dorsiflexing, extending great toe
Innervation - deep peroneal nerve (L5)
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of peroneus tertius?
Origin - fibula and extensor digitorum longus tendon
Insertion - 5th metatarsal
Action - everting, dorsiflexing and abducting foot
Innervation - Deep peroneal nerve (S1)
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of peroneus longus?
Origin - proximal fibula
insertion - medial cuneiform, 1st metatarsal
Action - everting, plantar flexing, abducting the foot
Innervation - superficial peroneal nerve (S1)
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of peroneus brevis?
Origin - distal fibula
Insertion - tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal
Action - everting foot
Innervation - Superficial peroneal nerve (S1)
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of gastrocnemius?
Origin - posterior medial and lateral femoral condyles
Insertion - calcaneus
Action - plantar flexing foot
Innveration - Tibial nerve (S1)
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of Plantaris?
Lateral femoral condyle
insertion - calcaneus
Action - plantar flexing foot
Innervation - tibial nerve (s1)
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of Soleus?
Origin - fibula/tibia
Insertion - calcaneus
Action - plantar flexing foot
Innervation - Tibial S1 nerve
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of popliteus
Origin - Lateral femoral condyle, fibular head
Insertion - proximal tibia
Action - flexing, internally rotating knee
Innervation - Tibial nerve (L5,S1)
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of flexor hallucis longus?
Origin - fibula
Insertion - great toe, distal phalanx
Action - plantar flexing great toe
Innervation - tibial S1 nerve
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of flexor digitorum longus
Origin - tibia
Insertion- 2nd to 5th toes, distal phalanges
Action - plantar flexing toes, foot
Innervation - tibial nerve (S1, S2)
What are the origins, insertion, actions and innervation of Tibialis posterior?
Origin - tibia, fibula, interosseous membrane
Insertion - navicular, medial cuneiform
action - inverting/plantar flexing foot
innervation - tibial (L4,L5) nreve
