left to right shunts

Question 1

Answer 1

Membranous or muscular septal defect between the RV
and LV.
VSDs account for 32% of all CHDs. About 50% close
spontaneously so surgical repair is usually delayed until
after infancy.

Question 2

Answer 2

Ostium secundum defects are in the middle septum.
They can extend to the IVC or posteriorly.
Sinus venosus defects are in the upper septum above
the fossa ovalis. Abnormal pulmonary veins are usually
present and empty into the SVC.
Ostium primum defects are in the inferior septum next
to the AV valve. They result from abnormal growth of
endocardial cushions.
ASDs are usually asymptomatic until adulthood.-