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LEED Green Associate Flashcards

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LEED Green Associate flashcards
1
Q

Who can use USGBC MEMBER Logo?

A

Only USGBC members in good standing.

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2
Q

What are the Minimum Program Requirements(MPR) for a LEED Project?

A
  1. Must comply with Environmental Laws
  2. Must be complete, permanent building or space
  3. Must use a reasonable site boundary
  4. Must comply with Minimum Floor Area Requirements
  5. Must comply with Minimum Occupancy Rates
  6. Must commit to sharing whole-building energy and water usage data
  7. Must comply with a Minimum Building Area to Site area ratio
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3
Q

What is ASHARE 62.1-2007 related to?

A

ASHARE 62.1-2007 is related to ventilation, controlling air contamination levels, humidity, and temperature within a space.

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4
Q

What is ASHARE 55-2004 related to?

A

ASHARE 55-2004 is related to the comfort criteria of specific design conditions that take into account temperature, humidity, air speed, outdoor temperature, outdoor humidity, seasonal clothing, and expected activity. These all relates to occupant thermal comfort.

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5
Q

What is ASHARE 90.1-2007 related to?

A

ASHARE 90.1-2007 relates to HVAC systems. HVAC systems are defined as: equipment, distribution systems, and terminals that provide the processes of heat, ventilation, or air-conditioning.

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6
Q

What does ASHRAE stand for?

A

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-conditioning

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7
Q

What can be used to assist with the certification of projects in a campus or multi-building setting such as corporate campuses, college campuses and government installations?

A

The LEED for Multiple Buildings and On-Campus Building rating system provides direction in applying LEED for New Construction to projects i a campus or multi-building setting such as corporate campuses, college campuses and government installations.

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8
Q

What ASHRAE standards would be used for Energy and Atmosphere category?

A

ASHRAE 90.1-2007

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9
Q

What ASHRAE standards would be used for the Indoor Environmental Quality category?

A

ASHRAE 62.1-2007 is related to ventilation and ASHRAE 55-2004 is related to the thermal comfort criteria of occupants.

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10
Q

What standards addresses the thermal comfort of building occupants?

A

ASHRAE 55-2004

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11
Q

What LEED category would be SMACNA standards be used for?

A

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ)

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12
Q

What LEED category would the Green-e standard be used for?

A

Energy and Atmosphere (EA)

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13
Q

What LEED categories contain standards related to VOC emissions?

A

Materials & Resources (MR) and Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ).

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14
Q

What is a MERV rating?

A

Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value. MERV ratings are used to rate the ability of an air-conditioning filter to remove dust from the air as it passes through the filter. MERV ratings from 1(least efficient) - 16 (most efficient).

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15
Q

What is EPAct-1992?

A

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 covers many products and services related to energy. It also sets standards for toilets and other water fixtures in both commercial and residential models.

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16
Q

What is ISO 14021?

A

The ISO 14021 series standards, Environmental Labels and Declaration, are communication tools that convey information on environmental aspect of a product or services to the market. This standard is used for recycled materials to label their pre and/or post consumer content.

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17
Q

What is IESNA?

A

Illuminating Engineering Society of North America. Publisher of lighting design and illumination standards.

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18
Q

What is Green-e?

A

Green-e is a program established to promote green electricity products and provide consumers with a nationally recognized method to identify those products.

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19
Q

What does an ENERGY STAR rating refer to?

A

The ENERGY STAR rating is a measure of a building’s energy performance compared with that if similar buildings, as determined by ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager. A score of 50 represents average building performance.

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20
Q

What does Certification by Forest Stewardship Council mean?

A

Certification means forest managers have adopted environmentally and socially responsible forest management practices. And certification allows companies to manufacture and sell products made from sustainable wood.

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21
Q

What is Chain-of Custody (CoC) Certification?

A

Chain of Custody refers to chronological documentation or paper trail. CoC is important in LEED when dealing with certified wood. Companies that process, manufacture, and/or sell products made of certified wood can earn CoC certification by having an audit done of their documentation. This certification shows the FSC that the name and logo are being used correctly.

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22
Q

What are Credit Interpretation Rulings (CIR)?

A

They are designed for technical and administrative guidance for MPR, Prerequisites, and Credits. They may be submitted any time after the project is registered and must be completed using LEED Online. Do not write ad a letter. Include only the inquiry and essential information. CIRs can contain maximum 600 words. The CIR may not include attachments, cut-sheets, plans or drawings.

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23
Q

CIRs can be used for what purpose(s)?

A

CIRs are use to ask one clear and concise question for technical and administrative guidance on MPRs, Prerequisites, or Credits.

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24
Q

For multiple building developments who determines the LEED Project Boundaries?

A

The project team.

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25
Q

What is LEED Online?

A

LEED online is the primary resource of managing the LEED documentation process.

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26
Q

What are some of the features of LEED Online?

A

Through LEED online, project teams can manage project details, complete documentation requirements for LEED credits and prerequisites, upload supporting files, submit applications for review, receive reviewer feedback, and ultimately earn LEED certification.

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27
Q

Who can volunteer for LEED committees?

A

Anyone.

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28
Q

What is the purpose of a LEED Scorecard?

A

The Scorecard is to assist in determining the Total Project Score and achievable Credits at the inception of a LEED Project.

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29
Q

Where can the LEED Scorecard be found?

A

USGBC’s website.

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30
Q

What is Environmental Building News?

A

A monthly newsletter featuring comprehensive, practical information on a wide range of topics related to sustainable building.

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31
Q

What are the LEED Reference Guides’s used for?

A

A user’s manual that guides a LEED project from registration to certification of the design and construction of a project.

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32
Q

What do the LEED Reference Guide contain?

A

Strategies, case studies, and documentation requirements for each credit and prerequisite in a rating system.

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33
Q

What type of information can be found on USGBC’s Website?

A

Updated information on the rating systems.

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34
Q

What is LEED Project Boundary?

A

It is the portion of the project site that is submitted for LEED certification and must be used consistently.

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35
Q

Who can access LEED Online?

A

Anyone assigned to a project by the project administrator.

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36
Q

What general documentation must be submitted for LEED certification?

A

Project narrative, Project photos/drawings, Typical floor plans, Elevations.

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37
Q

What organization is responsible for LEED project registration?

A

GBCI

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38
Q

What is LEED intent?

A

Identifies the main sustainability goal or benefit of the prerequisite or credit.

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39
Q

What is the LEED Technical Advisory Group responsible for?

A

Providing a consistent source of technical advice to LEED committees and working groups with respect to credit and prerequisite improvement and supporting tool development.

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40
Q

How does GERRYMANDERING relates to a LEED project boundary?

A

Gerrymandering of a LEED project boundary is prohibited: the boundary may not unreasonably exclude sections of land to create boundaries in unreasonable shapes for the sole purpose of complying with prerequisite or credits.

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41
Q

What does a Prerequisite represent?

A

A prerequisite represents the key criteria that define green building performance, They must be completed for a project to earn certification.

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42
Q

Why do projects need to meet prerequisite?

A

Prerequisites represent the key criteria that define green building performance.

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43
Q

How many Certification Levels are available to a LEED project?

A

4

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44
Q

What are the different certification levels LEED projects can earn?

A

Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum

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45
Q

Who authorizes use of a USGBC logos?

A

The USGBC marketing department authorizes use of the USGBC logos.

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46
Q

How are CIRs submitted?

A

Credit Interpretation requests must be submitted through LEED Online.

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47
Q

What are the amount of points a credit can earn (credit weighting) base on?

A

How well the credit address environmental environmental and health concerns.

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48
Q

What is environmental sustainability?

A

Long-term maintenance of ecosystem components and functions for future generations. (EPA)

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49
Q

What should be submitted for CIR?

A

Provide a brief but clear description of the challenge countered, emphasize the intent of the prerequisite or credit, if possible, the project team should offer potential solutions to the problem or a proposed interpretation.

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50
Q

What is considered a construction Hard Cost?

A

Construction hard cost are considered to be CSI Master Format 2004 Edition Divisions 03-10,31 (Section 31.60.00 Foundations) and 32 (Sections 32.10.00 Paving, 32.30.00 Site Improvements, and 32.90.00 Planting

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51
Q

What is a construction hard cost?

A

By far the largest portion of the expenses in a construction budget, the hard costs are mostly comprise of the actual construction costs include masonry, wood, steel, carpet, tile, mechanical systems roofing.

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52
Q

What are some examples of construction hard costs?

A

Cement, steel, drywall, wood, land

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53
Q

What are Construction Soft Costs?

A

Soft Costs are expense items that are not considered direct construction costs such as legal fees and building permitting.

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54
Q

What is meant by Life-cycle Assessment?

A

A Life-Cycle assessment is an analysis of the environment aspects and potential impacts associated with a product, process, or service.

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55
Q

What type of Rating System is not available through LEED Online?

A

LEED for Homes

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56
Q

What is the minimum Floor Area requirement for New Construction, Core & Shell, Schools, Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance?

A

The LEED project must include a minimum of 1,000 soft (93 sqm) of gross floor area.

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57
Q

What are some examples of construction soft costs?

A

Examples include architectural, engineering, financing, and legal fees.

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58
Q

How much does it cost for USGBC members to register a project?

A

$900

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59
Q

How much does it cost for USGBC non-members to register a project?

A

1,200

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60
Q

What does an Appeal cost per credit?

A

$ 500

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61
Q

What factors dictate how much a projects Certification fees will cost?

A

The rating system in which the project is registered under, the size of the project in sqft, and the date which the project was registered.

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62
Q

What is the cost for a Credit Interpretation Request (CIR) ?

A

$ 220

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63
Q

LEED promoted what type of approach to sustainability?

A

A whole building approach.

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64
Q

If a project is awarded LEED Platinum certification, what does the project receive?

A

The project will receive a rebate for ALL certification fees.

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65
Q

What has USGBC adapted to establish metrics and rating systems to measure building performance?

A

Triple Bottom Line

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66
Q

When can a LEED project be eligible to display the LEED plaque and other marketing material?

A

LEED projects are eligible following the acceptance of final certification certification review.

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67
Q

What does each category in the LEED rating system consist of?

A

Prerequisite and credits

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68
Q

What LEED rating systems are available?

A
  1. New Construction (Building Design and construction)
  2. Existing Buildings: Operational and Maintenance (Green Buildings: O&M)
  3. Commercial Interiors (Interior Design and Construction)
  4. Core and Shell
  5. Schools
  6. Retail
  7. Health care
  8. Homes
  9. Neighborhood Development
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69
Q

What is LEED?

A

An internationally recognized green building certification system, providing third-party verification that a building or community was designed and built using strategies aimed at improving performance across all the metrics that matter most: Energy Savings, Water Efficiency, CO2 emissions reduction, improved indoor environmental quality, and stewardship of resources and sensitivity to their impacts.

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70
Q

What does LEED stand for?

A

The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System

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71
Q

What parts of the LEED rating system are optional?

A

Credits are optional, prerequisites are required.

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72
Q

How is LEED developed?

A

LEED Rating Systems are developed through an open consensus-based process led by LEED volunteer committees.

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73
Q

What is the total number of points available in LEED 2009 for Building Design and Construction?

A

110 Possible points.

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74
Q

What the different point levels for LEED Certification?

A
  • Certified : 40-49 points
  • Silver: 50-59 points
  • Gold: 60-79 points
  • Platinum: 80+ points
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75
Q

If four LEED AP’s are on a project, what is the total number of points a project can earn?

A

1

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76
Q

What is SMACNA used for?

A

Sheet Metal and Air-Conditioning Contractor’s National Association (SMACNA) guidelines play a key role in construction activity pollution prevention. The standard provides an overview of air pollutants associated with construction, control measures, construction process management, quality control, among other things.

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77
Q

What is Green Seal used for?

A

Green Seal is an independent non-profit organization that identifies and promotes products that are environmentally preferable. Several of its standards measure VOC limits in products.

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78
Q

What type of products are related to the Green Seal standard?

A

Paint and Primers

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79
Q

What LEED credit category has credits that reference the Green Seal standard?

A

Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ).

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80
Q

What are LEED credit templates?

A

The documentation forms used to prove the requirements of a prerequisite or credit have been met. These will be filled out in LEED Online.

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81
Q

What are preliminary rating?

A

The target score the project team will attempt to achieve. The final score, based on the number of points achieved, maybe more or less than the preliminary rating.

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82
Q

Can a project earn Multiple Certifications?

A

Yes. Projects can earn more than one LEED certification depending on the Rating Systems.

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83
Q

What are some ways the trip bottom line is referred to?

A
  1. Ecology, environment, economics
  2. People, profit, planet
  3. Economics, ecology, social equity
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84
Q

Why does USGBC have logo policies?

A

USGBC logo policies exist to make sure LEED retains its credibility and identity.

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85
Q

What is the triple bottom line?

A

A change from being primary financially driven to considering economics, environment, and social responsibility.

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86
Q

What is a LEED Credit?

A

Part of the LEED Rating System. Projects earn points by meeting the requirements of credits in order to achieve building certification.

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87
Q

What credit categories are shared among most LEED rating systems?

A
  1. Sustainable Sites
  2. Water Efficiency
  3. Energy & Atmosphere
  4. Materials & Resources
  5. Indoor Environmental Quality
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88
Q

What is Green Score?

A

A Green Score measures the ‘greenness’ of an automobile.

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89
Q

What is a LEED Category?

A

A subset of the LEED Rating System. Each rating system has several green building categories.

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90
Q

What does sustainability mean?

A

Sustainability is meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

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91
Q

What types of projects would LEED for New Construction be used for?

A

New high-performance commercial and institutional projects.

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92
Q

What types of projects would LEED for Commercial Interiors be used for?

A

Tenant improvements

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93
Q

What types of projects would LEED for Core & Shell be used for?

A

For designers, builders, developers and new building owners who want to address sustainable design for new core & shell construction. Covers base building elements such as structure, envelop and the HVAC system.

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94
Q

What type of projects would LEED for Homes be used for?

A

High-performance green homes.

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95
Q

What types of projects would LEED for Existing Building: Operation & Maintenance be used for?

A

Building owners and operators to measure operations, improvements and maintenance.

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96
Q

What type of projects would LEED for Neighborhood Development be used for?

A

Integrating the principles of smart growth, urbanism and green building into the first national system for neighborhood design.

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97
Q

What types of projects would LEED for Schools be used for?

A

The design and construction of K-12 schools. Based on the LEED for New Construction rating system, it addresses issues such as classroom acoustics, master planning, mold presentation and environmental site assessment.

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98
Q

What types of projects would LEED for Retail be used for?

A

The different types of spaces that retailers need for their distinctive product lines.

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99
Q

What types of projects would LEED for Healthcare be used for?

A

Sustainable Planning, design and construction for high-performance healthcare facilities.

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100
Q

What is life cycle-costing?

A

Evaluates a products’s economic performance.

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101
Q

What is life cycle assessment?

A

The investigation and variation of the environmental impacts of a given products or service caused or necessitated by its existence.

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102
Q

When should life cycle assessment be used?

A

When considering the product long term environmental impact over the products lifetime.

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103
Q

Why should you use life cycle costing?

A

When there exists project alternatives that fulfill the same performance requirements, but differ with respect to the initial costs and operating costs. The comparison can help maximum net savings.

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104
Q

What is value engineering?

A

Analysis of the requirements of a project for the port pose of achieving the essential functions at the lowest total costs.

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105
Q

What is emissivity?

A

The ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a black body at the same temperature. It measures a material’s ability to radiation absorbed energy.

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106
Q

What is pervious pavement used for?

A

Pervious pavement is used o reduce storm water runoff but allowing stormwater to filter through the pervious material.

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107
Q

What is Albedo?

A

Albedo is synonymous with solar reflectance. It is a measure of the ability of a surface material to reflect sunlight in forms of visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths, which is measured on a scale of 0 to 1. Black paint has an albedo of 0 and white paint has an albedo for of 1.

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108
Q

What does Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) account for?

A

The SRI index is a numerical representation a material’s ability to reflect solar heat. SRI is determined by measuring temperature changes or by using an ASTM standard on the solar spectrum.

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109
Q

What is Solar Reflectance?

A

Solar reflectance is synonymous with albedo.

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110
Q

What is Heat Island effect?

A

The heat island effect is a situation where the absorption of heat by hardscape, building and dark materials then radiated to surrounding areas. The term describes the event where radiant air and surface temperatures in urban area are higher than rural or suburban areas nearby.

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111
Q

What cause the heat island effect?

A

Dark surfaces that absorb heat (black roofs, asphalt). Vehicle exhaust, air-conditioners, reduced air flow from buildings and narrow streets.

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112
Q

What are the benefits of reducing heat islands ?

A

Reducing heats island effect reduces air temperatures which would reduce the need to cool that air in buildings. Thus lower the energy consumption.

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113
Q

What are some types of Basic Services?

A
  • Bank
  • Place of Worship
  • Convenience Grocery
  • Day Care Centre
  • Cleaner
  • Fire Station
  • Beauty Salon
  • Hardware
  • Laundry
  • Library
  • Medical or Dental Office
  • Senior care Facility
  • Park
  • Pharmacy
  • Post Office
  • Restaurant
  • School
  • Surpermarket
  • Theatre
  • Community Centre
  • Fitness Centre
  • Museum
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114
Q

What are some ways to reduce automobile parking?

A

Select a site near mass transit, promote carpooling, install less parking, install bicycle racks.

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115
Q

What is a Brownfield?

A

Real property whose use may be complicated by the presence or possible presence or a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant.

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116
Q

What is SRI?

A

A value that incorporates both solar reflectance and emittance in a single value or represent a material’s temperature in the sun. Materials with the highest SRI alums are the coolest choices for paving. SRI is usually present on a scale of 0 (least reflectance) to 100 (most reflectance).

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117
Q

What is the minimum Building area to site ratio?

A

The gross floor area of the LEED project building much be no less than 2% of the gross area within the LEED project boundary.

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118
Q

what defines Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient vehicles?

A

They are classified a Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) by the California Air Resources Board or have achieved a minimum green score of 40 on they American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) annual vehicle rating guide.

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119
Q

What does Preferred Parking refer to?

A

Referred parking refers to the parking spots that are closest to the main entrance of the project (exclusive of spaces designated for handicapped persons) or parking passes provided any a discounted price.

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120
Q

What is foot candle?

A

Measure of the quantity of light falling on a given surface. Minimizing foot candles helps reduce light pollution.

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121
Q

What do impervious surfaces promote?

A

It promotes water runoff instead of infiltration into subsurface. This term is mostly used when discussing hardscape surfaces.

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122
Q

Bu what amount can Heat Islands elevate temperatures in urban area?

A

10 F or more

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123
Q

Heat Island impact what LEED category(s) ?

A

Sustainable Site (SS) and Energy and Atmosphere (EA). Heat islands increase temperatures resulting in the need for more air conditioning and more energy to cool the air.

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124
Q

What Strategies are employed to reduce the Heat-island?

A

Strategies include using materials with higher solar reflectance properties in the site design, provide shaded areas, reduce hardscape surfaces and installing vegetated roofs.

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125
Q

Wha generally defines Open Space area?

A

Local Zoning Requirements?

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126
Q

What does the Building Footprint consist of?

A

The area on a project site used by the building structure and defined by the perimeter of the building plan.

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127
Q

What is light pollution?

A

Excessive or obtrusive artificial light. Light pollution has a negative impact on nocturnal wildlife and interferes with views to the sky.

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128
Q

What is a Greenfield site?

A

A site not previously developed or graded that could support open space, habitat, or agriculture.

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129
Q

What are the examples of Impervious surfaces?

A

Parking Lots, roads, sidewalks, and plazas.

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130
Q

What is excluded from the building footprint?

A

Parking lots, landscapes, and other non-building facilities.

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131
Q

What defines the Landscape Area of a project?

A

The landscape area of the project is the total site area less the building footprint, paved surfaces, water bodies, and patios.

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132
Q

What is development density?

A

The total square footage of all buildings within an area. For LEED the area is defined by a radius from the project building. Development density is measured in square feet/ acre or unit / acre.

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133
Q

How is development density calculated?

A

By drawing a radius from the project building.

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134
Q

What properties are excluded in development density calculations?

A
  • Undeveloped public land, such as parks and waterways.
  • Public Roads
  • Right of way areas
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135
Q

What is the purpose of community connectivity?

A

Community connectivity helps to limits urban sprawl and reduces automobile use.

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136
Q

What must a project be located near to have community connectivity?

A

Basic Services.

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137
Q

What is a Basic Service?

A

Basic services are open to the public, and are those people might used regularly. In LEED, pedestrian access must exist between the project site and the service to include it in the number of available services.

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138
Q

How are basic services identifies for a project?

A

By drawing a 1/2 mile circle around the project site and identifying the services within the radius.

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139
Q

What helps reduce the heat land effect?

A

Light colored paving materials, Green roofs, Cool roofs, Shading, Underground parking.

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140
Q

What is a previously developed site?

A

A site that was previously built on, has been graded, or contained a parking lot, roadway, or other structure.

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141
Q

What is the development footprint?

A

The development footprint include all areas of a site affected by the development or project site activity. Include hardcapes, parking lots, access roads, non-building facilities and the building itself.

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142
Q

What is an alternative fuel vehicle?

A

An alternative fueled vehicle is one that uses any method of powering a engine that does not involve only petroleum (eg. electric car, gas-electric hybrid, solar powered)

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143
Q

What is Open Space?

A

Open Space is undeveloped land, but it differs from sites since open space could have been developed in the past and restored to an undeveloped state.

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144
Q

What is the intent of the Water Efficiency category?

A

To reduce water consumption and reduce the need for wastewater treatment and to reduce the demand on natural aquifers.

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145
Q

What are Best Management Practices (BMP) used for?

A

BMPs are strategies that are proven, effective, and sometime innovative. In LEED they are referred to in the areas of stormwater runoff treatment and the reduction of Total Suspended Solids (TSS).

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146
Q

What is the minimum Full Time Equivalent (FTE) occupancy for a LEED project?

A

A LEED project must serve 1 or more Full Time Equivalent (FTE) occupant, calculated as an annual average in order to use LEED in its entirely.

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147
Q

What is a Fill Time Equivalent (FTE)?

A

A regular building occupant who spends 40 hours per week in the project building. Part-time or overtime occupants have FTE values based on their hours per week divided by 40. Multiple shifts are included or excluded depending on the intent and requirements of the credit.

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148
Q

How can potable water use be reduced for irrigation?

A

Use gray water or stormwater for watering, use drip irrigation , install native and adaptive plants.

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149
Q

What 2 measurements are used to calculate the percent reduction in water use?

A

A baseline design case and an installed design case?

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150
Q

What are transient occupants?

A

Building visitors and other part-time or occasional occupants, such as students , volunteers, visitors etc.

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151
Q

What variables are used on determining FTE calculations?

A

The type of building occupant (full-time, part-time, transient) and the hours worked per week.

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152
Q

What does stormwater runoff contribute to?

A

Soil erosion and sedimentation of local waterways

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153
Q

Harvest stormwater can be substituted for what types of potable water use?

A

Landscape irrigation, fire suppression, toilet and urinal flushing, and custodial uses.

154
Q

What does a vegetated roof consist of?

A

Vegetation, growing medium, filter fabric, drainage, and a waterproof membrane.

155
Q

What does GPF stand for?

A

Gallons per flush. The unit of measurement for flush fixture (urinals, water closets)

156
Q

What is a bioswale?

A

Landscape elements designed to remove silt and pollution from surface runoff water. They consist of a swaled drainage course with gently sloped sides and filled with vegetation, compost and/or/ riprap.

157
Q

What does GPM stand for?

A

Gallons per Minute. The unit of measurement for flow fixtures (faucets, showers)

158
Q

What is sedimentation?

A

When Stormwater runoff deposits sediment into water ways, leading to a decline in water quality by blocking sunlight.

159
Q

What is gray water?

A

Domestic wastewater composed of wash water from kitchen, bathroom, and laundry sinks, tubs, and washers. (EPA)

160
Q

What codes define Graywater ?

A

Local and state authorities along with the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) in its Appendix G, Gray Water System for Single-Family Dwelling & The International Plumbing Code (IPC) Appendix C, Gray Water Recycling Systems.

161
Q

Irrigation impacts what LEED categories?

A

Water Efficiency (WE) and Energy and Atmosphere (EA)

162
Q

What is Blackwater?

A

Blackwater is wastewater from toilets and urinals. Wastewater from kitchen sinks(perhaps differentiated by the use of a garbage disposal), showers, or bathtubs is considered blackwater under some state or local codes.

163
Q

What is Xeriscaping?

A

Xeriscaping is a landscaping method that makes routine irrigation unnecessary. It uses drought-adaptive and low-water plants a well as soil amendments such as compost and mulches to reduce evaporation.

164
Q

Water saving fixtures can reduce water use in a project by what amount?

A

30% (USGBC)

165
Q

What is Drip Irrigation?

A

Drip irrigation delivers water at low pressure through buried mains and sub mains. Water is distributed to the soil through a network of perforated tubes or emitters. Drip irrigation is much more efficient than traditional sprinkler systems.

166
Q

CFCs impact what LEED category(s) ?

A

Energy and Atmosphere (EA)

167
Q

What are considered effective and efficient Watering Practices?

A

Regularly check irrigation systems, use drip, micro mist, subsurface irrigation systems, smart irrigation controllers, computer-controlled system monitoring, zero irrigation of plans or turf between months of November and April, and mold prevention by designing systems to irrigate away from buildings.

168
Q

What are NOXIOS weeds?

A

They are an invasive species of plants that inhibit the cultivation and growth of local native or adaptive plants.

169
Q

What are Native or Indigenous plants?

A

They are adapted to a given area during a defined time period and are not invasive. In North America, the term often refers to plants growing in a region prior to the time of settlement by people of European descent.

170
Q

What are considered Invasive plants?

A

They are non-native to the ecosystem and likely to cause harm once introduced. These species are characteristically adaptable and aggressive, have a high reproductive capacity, and tend to overrun the ecosystems they enter. Collectively, they are among the greatest threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability.

171
Q

What is the definition of potable water?

A

Potable water meets or exceed EPA’a drinking water quality standards and is approved for human consumption by the state or local authorities having jurisdiction; it may be supplied from wells or municipal water systems.

172
Q

What is a Rain Garden?

A

A Rain Garden is a structural control for promoting infiltration. capturing and treating runoff.

173
Q

What are some of the benefits of vegetated roofs?

A

They reduce the heat island effect , retain stormwater, insulating benefits, aesthetically pleasing, have longer life and less maintenance than conventional roofs.

174
Q

What would you use the EPAct of 1992 for?

A

Measuring the baseline line water use for the Water Efficiency credits.

175
Q

What is retention pond?

A

A type of best management practice (BMP) that is used to manage stormwater runoff or prevent flooding and downstream erosion, and improve water quality in an adjacent river, stream, lake or bay.

176
Q

What is a bioretention pond?

A

Structural stormwater controls that capture and temporarily store the water quality volume using soil and vegetation in shallow basins or landscaped areas to remove pollutants from stormwater runoff.

177
Q

Reductions in potable water consumption from water efficient landscaping are attributed to what techniques?

A

Choosing the correct plant species, density and microclimate factors, irrigation efficiency, use of captured rainwater, use of recycled wastewater, use of water treated and conveyed by a public agency specifically for non potable uses or absolutely on potable water use.

178
Q

Who would be included in determining your FTE population?

A

Identify the total number of full time and part time occupants. In building with multiple shifts, use only the highest-volume shift in the FTE calculation.

179
Q

What are some ways to capture stormwater to prevent runoff?

A

Rain Garden, Green roofs, Retention pond, Bioretention pond.

180
Q

What factors are used to establish a baseline water demand when calculating for water efficiency in commercial or residential applications?

A

Calculation are based on estimated occupancy usage and must include only the following fixtures and fixture fittings (as applicable to the [project scope): water closets, urinals, lavatory faucets, showers, Kitchen sink faucets and pre-rinse spray valves.

181
Q

In LEED Water Efficiency addresses what environmental concerns for building use and disposal?

A

Monitoring water consumption performance, reduction in indoor potable water consumption, reduction in water consumption to save energy and improve environmental well-being, and practice water-efficient landscaping.

182
Q

Process water is used for what purpose?

A

Process water is used for industrial processes such as cooling towers, boilers, and chillers. The term can also refer to water used in operational processes, such as dishwashing, cloth washing, and ice making.

183
Q

What is an Aquifer?

A

An aquifer is an underground water-bearing rock formation or group of formations that supply groundwater, wells, or springs.

184
Q

Low-flow fixtures use less water than what standards?

A

EPAct 1992

185
Q

What are some examples of applications that use Automatic fixture sensors?

A

Lavatories, sinks, water closets, and urinals.

186
Q

What is WaterSense?

A

WaterSense is a partnership program sponsored the EPA, helping costumers identify water-efficient products and programs.

187
Q

What are adaptive plants?

A

Non-native plants that use less fertilizer, pesticides and water in a given landscape. These plants have adapted to the local climate and are not considered invasive plants or weeds.

188
Q

What is irrigation efficiency?

A

The percentage of water delivered by irrigation equipment that is actually used for irrigation and does not evaporate, blow away, or fall on hardscape. (USGBC). Drip irrigation has an efficiency of 90% while conventional overhead sprinkler have an efficiency of 65%.

189
Q

What is the baseline flow rate of a faucet?

A

2.2 gpm

190
Q

What is the baseline flush rate of (1.) Urinals, (2.) water closet?

A
  • Urinals : 1 gpf
  • Water Closet: 1.6 gpf
191
Q

How much water does a waterless urinal consume?

A

None.

192
Q

What is reclaimed water?

A

Reclaimed water is water that has been treated for reuse.

193
Q

What is Ecosystem?

A

A collection of living things and the environment in which they live. For example a prairie ecosystem includes coyotes, rabbits, streams, and grasses among many other living things.

194
Q

What are the most efficient types of flushing fixtures?

A

Waterless Urinals, Composting toilets

195
Q

What is the baseline water demand of a building?

A

The estimated occupant usage of a projects’ fixtures and fittings using the flush and flow rates from the EPAct 1992 standard.

196
Q

What minimum water savings are LEED v4 projects required to achieve?

A

30% for outdoor
20% for indoor

197
Q

What standard defines green power?

A

Green-e

198
Q

What are HCs?

A

Hydrocarbons - natural refrigerant such as propane, butane, ethane, isobutene, and isopentane

199
Q

What are CFCs?

A

CFC stands for Chloroflurocarbon. This a type of hydrocarbon that is used in most types of refrigerants for building applications such as centrifugal chillers, refrigerators, and humidifiers. Most applications were installed prior to ozone concerns and they are currently being phased out b the Montreal Protocol.

200
Q

What are HCFCs?

A

These are used in refrigerants that are being phased out with the signing of the Montreal Protocol and due to their ODP (ozone depletion potential). Though HCFCs deplete the ozone layer, they are more efficient than some more ozone neutral counterparts.

201
Q

What are Halons?

A

Halons are a group of chemical compounds used in fire suppression systems and fire extinguishers that contribute to ozone depletion.

202
Q

What is HFC?

A

Hydro fluorocarbons which are refrigerants that do not deplete the stratospheric ozone layer but may have high global warming potential. HFCs are not considered environmentally benign.

203
Q

What are the alternatives to using refrigeration with CFCs?

A

Natural Ventilation, Natural refrigerant:

  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Ammonia (NH3)
  • Propane
  • Air
  • Water
  • Hydrocarbons (HC)
204
Q

What is lighting power density?

A

Installed lighting power per unit area.

205
Q

Where does lighting power density apply to LEED projects?

A

Energy & Atmosphere (EA). Reducing they lighting power density reduces energy use.

206
Q

What is Photovoltaic (PV) energy?

A

Electricity from photovoltaic cells that convert the energy in sunlight into electricity.

207
Q

What is Baseline Building Performance?

A

ASHRAE 90.1-2007, Appendix G defines minimum standards of design. A building’s baseline building performance would be the annual energy cost for a building designed to those minimum standards.

208
Q

What standards applies to natural ventilation?

A

ASHRAE 62.1-2007

209
Q

What is free energy?

A

Energy with low/no-costs that comes as a result of building design. Examples include daylighting, natural ventilation, or onsite solar power/wind energy.

210
Q

What is Biomass?

A

Biomass is plant material from trees and grasses, or crops that can be converted to heat energy to produce electricity.

211
Q

What is Biofuel?

A

A biofuel is a solid, liquid or gas ours fuel derived from relatively recently dead biological material and its distinguished from fossil fuels which are derived from long dead biological material.

212
Q

What is the fundamental refrigerant management?

A

A minimum threshold for refrigerant selection. LEED requires zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new based building HVAC & R systems.

213
Q

Are LEED Projects allowed to use Halons in the building?

A

Yes. Projects can earn points for not using Halons in fire suppression systems.

214
Q

Green Power is synonymous with what term?

A

Renewable energy.

215
Q

What is the Montreal Protocol?

A

An international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of a number of substances believed to be responsible for ozone depletion.

216
Q

What was the goal of the Montreal Protocol?

A

To phase out CFCs and HCFCs in refrigerants for new and existing equipment.

217
Q

What year does the Montreal Protocol phase out HCFCs?

A

Most CFC use and production was phased out in 1995, whole other substances and derivatives will be phased out in 2010, and the less active HCFCs will be phased out in 2030.

218
Q

What is the primary concern in the Clean Air Act, Tile VI, Rule 608?

A

To reduce annual leakage of ozone-depletion refrigerants such as CFCs an HCFCs.

219
Q

Under the Montreal Protocol what year must the developing countries who signed the protocol stop producing CFCs?

A

2010

220
Q

What standard established regulations on using and recycle ozone-depletion compounds?

A

U.S. EPA Clean Air Act. This act defines the leakage rate as it applies to appliances that have refrigerants.

221
Q

What is a Life-Cycle Cost Analysis?

A

Life-cycle cost analysis calculates expected future operating, maintenance, and replacement costs of design and features used to assist owners in developing a realistic design and budget estimate.

222
Q

What is Net Metering?

A

It is a metering and billing arrangement that allows on-site generators to send excess flows to the regional power grid; these flows offset a portion of the energy drawn from the grid. An example would be a company that generates solar power for its building. If it generates excess electricity,it can sell this to the local power company.

223
Q

Biomass is a form of what type of energy?

A

Renewable energy.

224
Q

What 3 types of renewable energy options are eligible for Green-e certification?

A

Renewable energy, utility green-pricing programs, and competitive electricity products.

225
Q

What is geothermal energy?

A

Geothermal Energy is electricity generated by harnessing hot water or steam from within the earth.

226
Q

What refrigerant has the lowest Ozone Depletion Potential and Global Warming Potential?

A

ODP: Any natural refrigerant
GWP: NH3-Ammonia

227
Q

What refrigerants has the greatest ODP and GWP?

A

ODP: CFC-11
GWP: HFC -23

228
Q

What types of power have the greatest negative environmental impact?

A

Coal, Gas, Hydropower, Other fossil fuels

229
Q

What do Greenhouse gases (GHG) do to the environment?

A

Absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of the thermal infrared radiation emitted by Earth’s surface, clouds, and the atmosphere itself. Increased concentrations of greenhouse gases are a root cause of global climate change.

230
Q

In order for a replacement or conversion of a chiller to be considered economically unfeasible, the simple payback of the replacement or conversion must be longer than?

A

10 years.

231
Q

For LEED, if a project has an existing CFC-based refrigeration system and it is not economically feasible to replace the system, what annual leakage of the existing system is allowed?

A

5%

232
Q

An energy simulation model or energy model is generated for what reasons?

A

Energy simulation model or energy models are used to provide the anticipated energy consumption of a building and permits a comparison of energy performance, given proposed energy efficiency measures, with the baseline.

233
Q

What is the main ASHRAE standard in which HVAC systems must adhere?

A

ASHRAE 90.1-2007

234
Q

What is REC?

A

Also known as Green Tags, Renewable Energy Credits, Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs), are tradable environmental commodities in the U.S. which represent proof that 1 megawatt-house (MWh) of electricity was generated from an eligible renewable energy resource.

235
Q

What is radon?

A

A cancer-causing radioactive gas. Radon in the ground, groundwater, or building materials enters working and living spaces and disintegrates into its decay products.

236
Q

What are some example of hydrocarbons?

A

Propane, butane, ethane, isobutene, and isopentane.

237
Q

List in order the environmental impact of refrigerants from worst to least.

A

CFCs > HCFCs>HFCs> Natural refrigerants

238
Q

Where can RECs be purchased?

A

RECs can be purchased anywhere and are not bound by geography. They differ from actual electricity which much be purchased from a local provider.

239
Q

What is the purpose of an REC?

A

A Renewable Energy Certificate is a tradable commodity that allows organizations without access to off-site green power to purchase the benefits of green power.

240
Q

Green power must be certified by which organization for LEED credit?

A

Green-e.

241
Q

When would natural ventilation be a good design choice?

A

In cooler climates where temperatures are low.

242
Q

What is Energy Efficiency?

A

Energy Efficiency is the use of the technology that requires less energy to perform the same function as a conventional item. A compact fluorescent light bulb to produce the same amount of light is an example of energy efficiency. The decision to replace an incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent is an example of energy conservation.

243
Q

If an existing building uses CFC-based refrigerants, how long can the project wait to phase out the refrigerant and still earn LEED certification?

A

5 years.

244
Q

What is the most effective way to optimize energy efficiency?

A

The most effective way to optimize energy efficiency is by utilizing an integrated, whole-building approach.

245
Q

What are regional materials?

A

The amount of building’s materials that are extracted, processed, and manufactured close to the project site. From LEED regional materials originate within 100 miles of the project site.

246
Q

What is embodied energy?

A

The available energy that was used in the work of making a product. Embodied energy is an accounting methodology which aims to find the sum total of the energy necessary for an entire product lifecycle. This lifecycle includes raw material extract, transports manufacture, assembly, installation, disassembly, deconstruction, and/or decomposition.

247
Q

What is Post-consumer materials?

A

It is the percentage of material in a product that was consumer waste. The recycled material was generated by household, commercial, industrial, or institutional end users and can no long be used for its intended purpose. Post consumer is just that, materials recycled after being used by the consumer.

248
Q

Reusing an existing building can help earn credit in what category?

A

Materials & Resources

249
Q

What is Pre-consumer recycles content?

A

Pre-consumer recycled content is formerly know as post industrial content, is a percentage of material in a project that is recycled from manufacturing waste. Since the material is never sold to the consumer, it is pre-consumer material.

250
Q

What is Recycled content?

A

Recycled content is the proportion, by mass, of pre-conserved or post consumer recycled material in a product (ISO 14021).

251
Q

What are some examples products made from Rapidly Renewable materials?

A

Examples are bamboo flooring and plywood, cotton batt insulation, linoleum flooring, sunflower seed board panels, wheat board cabinetry, wool carpeting, cork flooring, bio-based paints, geotextile fabrics such as coir and jute, soy-based insulation and form-release agent and straw bales.

252
Q

What is Commingled Recycling?

A

Commingled recycling accepts a wide range of recyclable materials. This allows materials to be collected in one bin, or location, prior to being sent to a recycling facility for separation. This type of recycling takes up less space and has better participation from occupants.

253
Q

What is waste diversion?

A

Reducing the count of recyclable material being thrown away and ultimately wasted by disposal in the landfill. Many materials have uses or resources that can be recaptured through recycling.

254
Q

What are examples of Pre-consumer recycled content?

A

Planer shavings, sawdust, bagasse, walnut shells, culls, trimmed materials, over issue publication, and obsolete inventories.

255
Q

What are the three Rs of producing less waste?

A

Reduce, Reuse, Recycle.

256
Q

What are examples of content that is excluded from Pre-consumer recycled content?

A

Rework, regrind, or scrap materials capable of being reclaimed within the same process that generated them.

257
Q

What are examples of Post-consumer recycled content?

A

Construction and demolition debris material collected through recycling programs, discarded products (eg. furniture, cabinetry, decking), and landscaping waste(eg. leaves, grass clippings, tree trimmings)

258
Q

Recycled Content is defined in accordance with what document?

A

ISO 14021 - International Organization of Standards document.

259
Q

What should a building recycling program address?

A

Signs to keep people from contaminating bins, Ease of use for occupants, Security from theft, Protecting materials from weather.

260
Q

What materials should not be reused in a project?

A

Exterior windows and plumbing fixtures. Newer products that are more efficient.

261
Q

What is the maximum timeframe in which resources must be planted and harvested to be considered Rapidly Renewable?

A

They must be planted and harvested in a cycle of 10 years or less.

262
Q

What is the definition of Durable Goods?

A

One that has a useful life of 2 years or more and are replaced infrequently and/or may require capital program outlays.

263
Q

What materials should be included in commingled recycling?

A

Paper, Corrugated cardboard, Glass, Plastics, Metals

264
Q

What materials should not be included in commingled recycling?

A

Batteries, Light bulbs, Food

265
Q

What types of recycled content is a material that contains recycled newspaper?

A

Post-consumer recycled content

266
Q

What is Fly Ash used for?

A

Fly Ash can be used as a substitute for Portland cement in concrete. Fly ash then becomes a recycled product.

267
Q

How many miles from a project site can a materials be extracted and still be considered Regional?

A

500 miles is the maximum.

268
Q

What is FSC?

A

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) , established in 1933 in response to those concerns over global deforestation. It is an international non-profit, multi-stakeholder organization that promotes responsible management of the world’s forests.

269
Q

What is the environmental benefit of sing Salvaged Materials?

A

It’s reduces the demand for virgin materials.

270
Q

What is VOC?

A

Volatile Organic Compounds can negative health effects when inhaled Many VOCs are human-made chemicals that are used and produced in the manufacture of paints, pharmaceuticals, and refrigerants.

271
Q

What is Construction & Demolition debris?

A

Construction and Demolition debris are waste building materials, dredging materials, tree stumps, and rubble resulting from construction, remodeling, repair, and demolition of homes, commercial buildings and other structures and pavements.

272
Q

What materials are not allowed to be included in the calculations for Construction Waste Management?

A

Excavated materials such as dirt and trees, hazardous materials such as asbestos a and lead covered debris.

273
Q

What is Construction Wast Management Plan?

A

A construction waste management plan are administrative and procedural requirements for salvaging, recycling and disposing of non-hazardous demolition and construction waste. It must:

  1. Identify and establish waste diversion goals for at least 5 materials (structural and non-structural)
  2. Specify whether materials will be separated or commingled and where they will eventually be recycled or donated
  3. Provide major waste streams and diversion rates
274
Q

What is Reuse?

A

A strategy to use existing materials in a similar or different capacity that allows for the preservation of natural resources.

275
Q

At a minimum what materials must a commercial LEED project include in a recycling program?

A

Paper, Corrugated cardboard, Glass, Plastics, Metals

276
Q

What are Salvaged Materials?

A

Construction materials recovered from building sites and reused on different building sites in they same or a different capacity. Examples can include flooring, brick, beams, and doors.

277
Q

What are the benefits of regional materials?

A

Reduced transportation costs, support of local resources.

278
Q

What is source reduction?

A

The practice of designing, manufacturing, purchasing, or using materials (such as products and packaging) in ways that reduce the amount or toxicity of trash created.

279
Q

What category addresses recycled content?

A

Material & Resources

280
Q

How many points can be earned in the Innovation & Design category?

A

6

281
Q

How many Regional Priority credits can a LEED project earn?

A

4

282
Q

How many LEED AP are required to participate on a project to earn one Innovation in Design point?

A

At least 1 principal participant of the project team must be a LEED AP to earn the point. Though a project should have a LEED AP on staff to assist with the project, it is not require for project certification.

283
Q

Who is the Project administrator?

A

The individual who initially registers the project will be identify b GBCI as the Project Administrator.

284
Q

How can innovation points be earned?

A

Doubling the credit requirements or using a new strategy that is quantifiable.

285
Q

How does the integrated, whole building approach apply to LEED projects?

A

The integrated, whole building approach is the most effective way to optimize energy efficiency, by collaboration among all team members, beginning at the the start of project, this method is necessary in designing building systems.

286
Q

What is Design Charrette?

A

The design charrette is an intense, collaborative design activity that allows project teams (ie. project opener, architect, and design team) to develop and plan project strategies, evaluate and identify both financial and environmental impacts, and reveal any opportunistic synergies for the entire project.

287
Q

What does the Holistic approach pertain to?

A

The holistic approach evaluated energy consumption early in the design process to allow project teams to target methods to improve the building energy consumption and performance.

288
Q

What LEED credit category can earn exemplary performance points?

A

Innovation in Design

289
Q

How do you earn Exemplary Performance credits?

A

To earn exemplary performance credits, teams must meet the performance level defined by the next step in the threshold progression on credits that allow exemplary performance. For example if one point can be earned on a credit by reducing water use by 20% and another point by reducing water 30 %, then if a team reduces water use by 40% it may an exemplary performance point. Not all credits allow for exemplary performance.

290
Q

What are the requirements for submitting an Innovation in Design credit?

A

Identify the following in writing: The intent of proposed innovation credit. The proposed requirement for compliance. The proposed submittals to demonstrate compliance. The design approach (strategies) used to to meet the requirements.

291
Q

During the site selection process what members should a project team include?

A

Landscape architects, ecologists, environmental engineers, and civil engineers, as well as local professionals who can provide site specific expertise

292
Q

Can a project outside the U.S. earn Rginal Priority credits?

A

No.

293
Q

What are Credit Synergies?

A

Credit synergies happen when credits work together and have an increased benefits, many times at a lower combined cost.

294
Q

Who fills out the LEED Scorecard?

A

The project teams does during the LEED charrette

295
Q

Who can become a LEED AP?

A

Anyone that passes GBCI’s exams and has the appropriate experience.

296
Q

What do APs do on a Project?

A

Help streamline the certification process.

297
Q

What starts the IPD process?

A

The project vision

298
Q

Who uses LEED?

A

Architects, real estate professionals, facility managers, engineers, interior designers, landscape architects, construction managers, lenders and governments officials all use LEED to help transform the built environment to sustainability.

299
Q

What should a project vision include?

A

A statement that embraces sustainable principles and an integrated design approach. A vision statement should support and enforce the sustainability goals throughout the project.

300
Q

What is Integrated Project Delivery?

A

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is a project delivery approach that integrated people, systems, business structures and practices into a process that collaboratively harnesses the talents and insights of all participants to optimize the project results, increase value to the owners reduce waste, and maximize efficiency through all phases of design, fabrication, and construction.

301
Q

What are the benefits of Integrated Project Delivery?

A

Greater efficiencies lower construction costs, lower life-cycle costs, greater quality and sustainability, greater likelihood the schedule will be met.

302
Q

What is the design review of a LEED Project?

A

The state prior to completion where the design team can request a review of any design-related credits or prerequisites.

303
Q

What is the construction review of a LEED project?

A

When the project is completed/finished and all construction related credits are submitted for review.

304
Q

What LEED categories would IESNA standards impact?

A

Sustainable Sites (reducing light pollution) and Energy an Atmosphere (reducing light pollution can save on energy costs).

305
Q

What is the pre-design phase of an environmental responsive design?

A

An added step to the design process which includes integrated building design, defining environmental design guidelines and assembling an integrated team.

306
Q

What steps occur in the pre-design phase?

A
  • Develop Green Vision
  • Establish Project Goals
  • Green Design Criteria
  • Set Priorities
  • Develop Building Program
  • Establish Budget
  • Assemle Green Team
  • Develop Partnering Strategies
  • Dvelop Project Schedule
  • Review Laws and Standards
  • Conduct Research
  • Select Site
307
Q

What can increasing the ventilation in a building have negative impact on?

A

Increasing ventilation in a building increase energy use.

308
Q

Can prerequisite earn exemplary performance?

A

No, only credits

309
Q

Local Zoning requirements are defined as:

A

Local government regulations imposed to promote orderly development of private lands and prevent land-use conflicts.

310
Q

What has precedent in a project, LEED requirements or local codes?

A

Local Codes.

311
Q

What codes must LEED projects follow?

A

Projects should review relevant and applicable laws, codes, local ordinances, statues, and industry-related standards.

312
Q

What must be checked to determine what type of building can be built on a piece of a land?

A

Local Zoning requirements

313
Q

What are local ordinance?

A

A law usually found in a municipal code.

314
Q

What are local codes?

A

State and local jurisdictions may develop their own regulations or adopt building codes based on national model codes. State and local codes are typically based on national models codes published by the International Code Council (ICC).

315
Q

What additional green building project and building construction budget are there?

A
  • Life cycle cost analysis
  • Green building experts
  • contingency plans for additional research
316
Q

What does building accounts for?

A
  • 24-50% Energy Use
  • 72% of electricity consumption
  • 38% CO2 emission
  • 14% potable water consumption
  • 30% waste output
  • 40% raw material use
317
Q

How much green building achieve according to GSA (General Services Administration)?

A
  • 26% energy use reduction
  • 33% CO2 emission
  • 13% in maintenance cost
318
Q

What does system thinking include?

A

Materials, resources, energy, people, and information.

319
Q

What are negative and positive feedback loops?

A

A negative loop is good because the system is enabled is self-correct an stabilize itself.
A positive loop is bad because it is perpetual and ongoing, which lead to urban sprawl.

320
Q

What is Prius Effect?

A

When users are given real-time information, they tend to react and respond to the feedback loop.

321
Q

What is the traditional project delivery process?

A

Design-bid-build, linear and independent fashion.

322
Q

What are the 3 stages of integrative process?

A

Discovery (set environmental goal, prior to choosing a site)
> Design and Construction
> Occupancy, operations, and performance feedback.

323
Q

What tools should the project team utilize?

A
  • BIM
  • Energy modeling
  • Life-cycle analysis
  • Life-cycle costing
  • Inventorying
324
Q

What are the 7 strategies for existing building?

A
  1. Set goals
  2. Benchmark performance
  3. Identify improvement opportunities
  4. Prioritize and align improvement opportunities with the project goals
  5. Implement the program
  6. Measure performance and undergo third-party verification
  7. Set revised or new goals
325
Q

What are the minimum size requirements for each program?

A
  • BD+C and O+M : 1,000 sqft gross floor area
  • ID+C : 250 sqft gross floor area
  • ND : at least 2 habitable building and no larger than 1,500 arces
  • Homes: Defined as “dwelling unit”, Low rise for 1-3 stories, mid rise for 4-8 stories
326
Q

What is 40/60 rule?

A

If the rating system does not apply to 40% of the gross floor area, it should not be used. If it applies to more than 60%, it should be used. The gray area between 40-60% is up to the team to decide.

327
Q

What is Precertification?

A

It is only available to Core & Shell rating system, it aimed at the speculative development market and is awarded based on the intentions of the project, not actual achievement. The review process is intended to be less than 1 month, can be expedited for an additional fee.

328
Q

How long does the LEED for Existing buildings certificate valid for?

A

5 years. Must be reapplied for and evaluated.

329
Q

What is the focus of LEED for Neighborhood Development rating system focus on?

A

Smart growth, new urbanism principles, and sustainable building. At least 50% of the total building floor area should be newly constructed or consist of a major renovation.

330
Q

What are the 3 types of boundaries associated with LEED projects?

A
  • Property boundary line: land owned to a plot plan or legal property deed
  • LEED project boundary line: the scope of work to be included in the documents for certification
  • Building footprint line: the amount of land on which the building resides
331
Q

What are the difference between Project CIR and LEED Interpretation?

A

CIR: applicable to only one project, not published, 3-4 weeks turnaround time, Reviewed by GBCI, Initial fee

Interpretation: applicable to multiple projects, published in online addenda database, 3-6 months turnaround time, reviewed by USGBC, additional fee

332
Q

What are the 3 factors a project’s certification fee based on?

A
  • Rating System
  • Square footage
  • corporate membership account
333
Q

What is the certification review schedule?

A

Preliminary design review or construction review : 25 business day
Team reply : 25 business day
Final review: 15 business day
Appeal: 25 business day
Appeal review : 25 business day
certification awarded

334
Q

What are the 3 factors to address within the Location & Transportation (LT) category?

A
  1. Location
  2. Transportation
  3. Neighborhood pattern and design
335
Q

What are the 3 factors of location?

A
  1. Natural Context : climate, soils, sun, wind, vegetation, rain
  2. Infrastructure Context: utilities, roadway access
  3. Social Context: local regulations, zoning, connections to community
336
Q

What is FAR?

A

Floor to area ratio.
The proportion of the total floor area of a building/ the total land area the building can occupy.

An Increased FAR increases the density and therefore preserves open space.

337
Q

What are the 6 strategies to address when selecting a site?

A
  1. Increase density, maximize square footage.
  2. Choose redevelopment and infill development.
  3. Locate near existing infrastructure.
  4. Protect habitat.
  5. Increase diversity of uses.
  6. Encourage multiple modes of transportation.
338
Q

What are the strategies to address transportation during design and planning, and operations?

A

Design and planning
1. Choose a site adjacent to mass transit
2. Limit parking capacity
3. Encourage bicycling

Operation and maintenance:
1. Encourage carpooling by incentivize and preferred parking space
2. Encourage or provide alternative fuel vehicles
3. Support alternative transportation

339
Q

How much the ecosystem and open space are lost due to development?

A

About 60% of ecosystem services are degraded or used unsustainably.
Between 1982 and 2001, 34 million acres open space are lost, around 4 acres/minute or 6,000 acres/day.

340
Q

What are the 3 strategies for sustainable site operations and maintenance?

A
  1. Develop a sustainable management plan.
  2. Implement conservation programs, protect habitat by working with local ecologist
  3. Maintain site lighting to prevent light pollution.
341
Q

What are the non-point source pollutants?

A

Oil leaked from cars or fertilizers.

342
Q

How much water use for LEED projects demand as compared to conventionally designed buildings?

A

20% or less

343
Q

How important is the Energy and Atmosphere (EA) rating system?

A

The LEED rating system put most emphasis on the EA category by offering the largest opportunity to earn points.

344
Q

What are the 4 prerequisites of EA?

A
  1. Fundamental Commissioning of Building Energy System
  2. Minimum Energy Performance
  3. Building-level Energy Monitoring
  4. Fundamental Refrigerant Management
345
Q

What is Commissioning?

A

Commissioning Agent (CxA). It is a process of verifying and documenting and all the systems meet the owner’s project requirements (OPR) by owner and the CxA. The CxA is required to review the design drawings and specifications, work diligently during construction, and help to educate the facility management teams. Within 1 year the CxA return to the site to see if any adjustment is needed.

346
Q

What does regulated energy include?

A
  • Lighting : Interior and exterior (parking garages, facades, site lighting)
  • HVAC
  • Service water for domestic and space heating purposes
347
Q

What does process energy include?

A
  • computers, office equipments
  • kitchen refrigeration, cooking
  • washing and drying machine
  • elevators and escalators
348
Q

How much waste does construction and demolition constituted?

A

About 40% of the total solid waste.

349
Q

What are the 5 strategies to conserve materials throughout a project’s life cycle?

A
  1. Reuse existing building and salvaged materials
  2. Plan for smaller, more compact communities
  3. Design smaller, more flexible homes and buildings
  4. Use efficient framing techniques, eg. use structural insulated panels (SIP)
  5. Promote source reduction in operation, reuse office supply, minimal print and double sided print
350
Q

What is Greenwashing?

A

Greenwashing cam imply a product is more sustainable than it actually is.

351
Q

What are the tools to help project team in material selection?

A
  1. Life-cycle assessment (LCA)
  2. Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)
  3. Material ingredient disclosures
352
Q

What type of carpet avoid the contamination of indoor air?

A

CRI (Construction Specification Institute) Green Label Plus Program

353
Q

What types of product are included in credit compliance documentation and what must be excluded?

A

All permanently installed building materials and products, and all the materials that fall into CSI MassFormat 3-10,31 and 32.

Elevators, escalators and fire suppression systems must be excluded

MEP and furnitures are optional

354
Q

What is Product Definitions?

A

Products are defined whether or not they arrive site ready for installation or if they are a site-assembled product. They are also defined by the function of its components. Eg. Plywood is considered as one product while cement is composed of 3 products because it is assembled on site.

355
Q

What does product cost include?

A
  1. Individual material cost: not include labor or installation, but include taxes and expenses to deliver the product to site
  2. Project cost: can choose between actual material costs or default material costs.
356
Q

What is the current recycling rate?

A

32% according to EPA statistic.

357
Q

What is the unit for calculating waste volume?

A

Tons

358
Q

What are the 3 strategies to reduce waste during construction?

A
  1. Design buildings that produces less waste, installing prefabricated products
  2. Develop a construction waste management policy with goals
  3. Establish a tracking system, require the contractor to provide waste hauler reports and monitor for compliance.
359
Q

What are the 4 components of the IEQ category?

A
  1. Indoor air Quality
  2. Lighting
  3. Acoustics
  4. Occupant Experience
360
Q

What are the sources of air contaminants for indoor environmental quality?

A

Tobacco smoke, VOCs, ombustion process, Mold, Cleaning Products, Radon/methane, pollutants from laboratories, hospitals and factories, Pollutants tracked on shoes, occupants(bioeffluents) and their activity.

361
Q

What are the strategies to improve IAQ during construction and during operations and maintenance?

A

During Construction:
1. Keep building clean
2. Protect absorptive material from moisture exposure
3. Conduct flush-out / air testing

During Operation & Maintenance
1. Incorporating low or no VOC cleaning product
2. Regularly change MERV filters
3. CO2 level should be monitored
4. Integrated pest management strategies, non-chemical monitor and bait strategies

362
Q

What are the standards for green cleaning products?

A

Green Seal, California Code of Regulation, Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI)

363
Q

Where should the smoking prohibition be?

A

In the building and within 25 feet of building entrances, operable windows, and air intakes after construction.

364
Q

What are the examples of innovative strategies for earning credits?

A
  1. Implementing an educational program for the community,occupants and visitors.
  2. Achieving LEED prerequisite from other rating systems, such as Site Management Policy and Green Cleaning Policy
  3. Defining and implementing a waste management program that diverts significant amount of waste
365
Q

How to calculate the % of renewable energy used on site?

A

Equivalent cost of usable energy / total building annual energy cost.

366
Q

How to earn points with Construction waste management plan?

A

Option 1:
prerequisite 1 pt, 50% diverted + 3 streams
prerequisite 2 pt, 75% diverted + 4 streams

Option 2 :
Maximum amount of total waste weight to be 2.5 pounds /sqft of building floor area

367
Q

How to achieve Ingredient Optimization?

A

Use products that document their material ingredient optimization using the following path:

  1. GreenScreen v1.2 Benchmark
  2. Cradle-to-cradle Certified
  3. International Alternative Compliance Path - REACH Optimization
  4. USGBC approved program
368
Q

How to earn points with Pilot Credit?

A

Register through the USGBC’s LEED Pilot Credit Library, USGBC member companies can submit pilot credits,
A pilot credit proposal includes:
1. Survey feedback questions
2. Submittal Documentation
3. Identified Guest Expert

369
Q

What are the Non-Roof strategies for reducing heat island effect?

A
  • Hardscapes: Use cool pavements with 3-year aged SR of .28 (or initial SR of.33) or higher, or grid systems which are 50% or more pervious.
  • Shading: provide shading for 50% of hardscape area with existing tree canopies or new tree anticipating their size and shade within 10 years of installation
    OR add shading structures covered by solar panels OR architectural features with SR.28 or higher
  • Parking: locate 75% + of parking spaces under roofs or shades with initial SRI >39 or 3-year aged SRI >32, or a vegetative root or energy generation systems.
370
Q

How can the roof materials meet the SRI requirements?

A

< 2:12 Low-slope roof: Initial SRI 82, 3-years SRI 64
>2:12 Steep-slop roof: Initial SRI 39, 3-year aged SRI 32
OR
provide at least 50% vegetated roof area
OR
use a combination of vegetated roof and high SRI roof that comply with this equation(sqft):

Area of non-roof /0.5 + Area of High SRI Roof /0.75 + Area of Vegetated Roof /0.75 > Total pavement+ Total roof

371
Q

What are the characteristics of LEED for Homes?

A
  1. Doesn’t use LEED Online
  2. Use Energy Star for Homes to measure energy efficiency
  3. Is the only rating system that adjusts points based on the size and the effect of its resources consumption
  4. LEED for Homes Providers are contacted by the USGBC for quality assurance
  5. Green Raters are contracted by the owner to inspect, document and assist the LEED process
  6. Documentation for from the owner > Green Rater>LEED for Homes Provider>USGBC/GBCI
  7. The LEED project must be defined as a “dwelling unit” by all appliances codes
  8. LEED for Homes and Multifamily Lowrise - 1-3 stories. 3.5 stories project may choose they rating system corresponding to the Energy Star program in which they are participating.
372
Q

What tools can be used to compare the performances of the building?

A

EPA’s Energy Star Portfolio Manager

373
Q

What are the three scopes of energy?

A

Scope 1 : relates to the direct energy from the owned or controlled sources

Scope 2 : relates to the purchased energy

Scope 3: relates to energy sources that are not owned or directly controlled .

374
Q

What are the % of Earth’s water is fresh water?

A

3%

375
Q

What Standards would contribute to material ingredient optimization?

A

GreenScreen and Cradle-to- cradle certified

376
Q

What minimum contract lengths is required for an owner to purchase renewable energy certificates (REC) for LEED credit ?

A

5 years

377
Q

For which are the ICC International Codes used for?

A

Providing minimum safeguards for people at home, at school, and in the workplace.

378
Q

What is an alternative compliance path to the International Green Construction Code (IgCC)?

A

ASHRE 189.1

379
Q

Globally, transportation is responsible for what % of greenhouse gas emission?

A

25%

380
Q

Green Seal and Environmental Choice are third party standards for what product?

A

Cleaning products

LEED GA (1 decks)

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