LEED GA Flashcards

Question

What happens to the credits after being submitted in the design phase of the LEED Certification submittal process?

Answer 1

credits are determined to be probable or improbable candidates for point earning.

Answer 2

Used in ASHRAE Standard 55, Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy, as a method of assessing thermal comfort.

Answer 3

- fill out and submit the LEED online credit templates - gather info for all prereqs - register with the USGBC

Answer 4

Green Seal sets limits for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in aerosol adhesives

Answer 5

sets limits for VOCs in adhesives, sealants, and sealant primers

Answer 6

Keeping the brick wall would count toward building reuse. Removing the wall may allow for more daylight into the space+reduce the need for electric lighting, which may help to acheive the credit for daylight and views, and optimize energy performance.

Answer 7

Full time- 8 hours Part time- 4 hours FTE= Total work hours/8 hours =(# ft occupants) (8 hour) + (3 pt occupants) (4 hours)/ 8 hours = # occupants or FTE Value

Answer 8

Compliance with the heat island effect, non-roof credits requires that a project meet one of the following: - the project provideds shades and or uses materials with an SRI of at least 29 or uses open grid pavement - the project has a minimum of 50% of the parking under cover & the roofs covering the parking have an SRI of at least 29

Answer 9

- the site must be with withing 1/2 mile of existing, planned or funded commuter rail, light rail, or subway station, or within a 1/4 mile of 2 or more public or campus bus lines

Answer 10

If a phase-out is economically infeasible LEED allows for projects where a CFC phase-out is shown to have a payback period of over ten years (for conversion and replacement scenarios) maintain their existing CFC-based systems as long as their leakage rate is below 5% annually.

Answer 11

B. CIRs cost $220 each

Answer 12

A Green Rater

Answer 13

A. Landscaping Regulations C. Parking Space Requirements D. Open Space Requirements Regulations on Energy Use are typically contained in building codes and stormwater regulations are handled by the local sewer district, not the zoning authority.

Answer 14

B. LEED for Homes C. LEED for Commercial Interiors D. LEED for Operations and Maintenance

Answer 15

A. Social Responsibility B. Environmental Stewardship E. Economic Prosperity The triple bottom line is also commonly referred to as “people, planet and prosperity”.

Answer 16

B. Collection Truck Access While it is important to consider how a waste management truck might collect recyclables, it is not a required component of the prerequisite.

Answer 17

B. The weight of concrete used as fill material C. The volume of scrap metal sent to a recycler The construction waste management credit is calculated based on weight or volume, therefore the total number of windows of assorted sizes will not be helpful because they will all have different weights and volumes. Also, landscaping debris is excluded from the calculation of this credit and incineration is not an acceptable diversion method.

Answer 18

E. | 10 degrees

Answer 19

C. Parking Lot

Answer 20

A. Stormwater Management, Quantity E. Heat Island Effect, Non-Roof Open grid paving increased impervious area, thus helping promote stormwater infiltration and the open, vegetated cells help mitigate the heat effect by not contributing to heat build-up

Answer 21

C. Municipal Water Systems E. A Public or Private Well None of the other options are considered potable without treatment.

Answer 22

B. Ordering pre-assembled products C. Using modular construction techniques While all of the other options are sound means of reducing construction waste, only pre-assembly and modular construction address source reduction.

Answer 23

A. Steel beams made from recycled railroad ties C. Carpet made from recycled soda bottles E. A countertop made from newspapers All of the options contain recycled content, but the recycled content in the glass tiles would be considered pre-consumer and the recycled content in the plumbing pipe does not contribute to the LEED recycled content credit, because this credit only involves materials in CSI divisions 2-10.

Answer 24

C. The Architect’s Fees | All of the other options are considered hard costs.

Answer 25

C. The Project’s zip code

Answer 26

B. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) | C. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)

Answer 27

A. Supporting the local economy B. Minimizing the impacts of transportation While local materials can be lower costs and may be of very high quality, these attributes are not guaranteed due to them being made locally.

Answer 28

B.1,000 square feet

Answer 29

B. Charging fees for parking While charging fees for parking, may in fact reduce single-occupant conventional automobile use, it is not an accepted LEED strategy

Answer 30

A. Propane C. Ammonia D. Carbon Dioxide

Answer 31

B. Capitalizing on credit synergies While all of the other options are possible benefits of an integrative design process, maximizing opportunities for credit synergies is the greatest LEED-specific benefit.

Answer 32

B. Increasing impervious paving | Increasing pervious area will actually add to stormwater runoff volumes rather than decreasing them

Answer 33

C. Building User The building owners, designers and builders need access to LEED Online to document the project, the building users do not need access.

Answer 34

B. 4 | 1 full-time employees = 1 FTE, 6 part-time employees (20 hrs/week) = 3 FTE, 1 FTE + 3 FTE = 4 FTE

Answer 35

D. Diesel Powered

Answer 36

E. Providing a randomly assigned parking space Providing an assigned space that is closest to the building does qualify as preferred parking, but not just a randomly assigned space.

Answer 37

C.Blackwater

Answer 38

B. Toilet Flushed D. Drip Irrigation Graywater, though not contaminated to the level of blackwater, is still not potable, so it should not come into contact with humans. Spray irrigation particularly has the potential to get on people or pets, so it is preferable to use drip irrigation if graywater is being used since drip irrigation water is distributed at ground level, not above it.

Answer 39

A. Glass D. Plastics E. Cardboard While LEED encourages all recycling, projects are only required to provide for the recycling of glass, plastics, metals, paper and cardboard.

Answer 40

D. ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2007 The other listed ASHRAE Standards cover other issues such as ventilation and thermal comfort. BIFMA is the Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturer’s Association and is not included in building codes and Green Seal is a third party certification that deals with indoor air quality.

Answer 41

A. Certified Wood Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) Certification, the referenced standard for the certified wood credit relies on chain-of-custody documentation.

Answer 42

A. LEED for Commercial Interiors D. LEED for Operations and Maintenance LEED for Core and Shell is a new building certification that deals specifically with speculative buildings where the interior tenant spaces will be built later and/or by a different party. Therefore a core and shell building could not be certified under LEED for Homes, New Construction or Schools because those are also new building certifications for different product scopes and types.

Answer 43

C. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

Answer 44

A. LEED for Operations and Maintenance LEED O+M is currently the only rating system that requires recertification at least every five years; no other certifications expire

Answer 45

B. Geo-Exchange System | E. Nuclear Power

Answer 46

A. College Students E. Retail Customers These transient visitors are expected to only spend an hour or so at the building, not the whole day, such as an elementary school student or an office worker.

Answer 47

E. None of the Above | Life Cycle Costing takes into account all of the listed factors.

Answer 48

E. LEED for Homes

Answer 49

A. Certification can be revoked

Answer 50

B. Native Species C. Adapted Species Native and adapted plant materials are able to grow in your given climate without much human help such as irrigation. Cultivated species, on the other hand, often require lots of maintenance and watering. Invasive species may or may not require irrigation, but they can have other negative impacts, such as choking out biodiversity, so they should be avoided.

Answer 51

B. For a link to the website www.usgbc.org/leed

Answer 52

B. Toilets | The wastewater from toilets is considered blackwater, not graywater

Answer 53

A. Land-clearing debris C. Asbestos floor tile Land-clearing debris and hazardous materials such as asbestos should be excluded from construction waste management calculations.

Answer 54

D. Plant seedling conifers to shade the parking While these trees may eventually provide a substantial amount of shade for the parking lot it will be many years before these tiny trees provide any significant shade, and LEED specifies that you can only count the shade provided by trees within 5 years of project completion.

Answer 55

A. The building itself E. A Parking Lot F. Sidewalks

Answer 56

D. Using asphalt for parking areas | Typical asphalt is a very dark surface that contributes to the heat island effect rather than minimizing it.

Answer 57

E. Rapidly Renewable Materials and Regional Materials Cotton is an agricultural product with a sustainable growth and harvest period of less than 10 years and, therefore, qualifies as a rapidly renewable material. Since the product is also grown and manufactured within 500 miles of the project, it also qualifies as a regional material.

Answer 58

C. renewable Energy Certificates (RECs)

Answer 59

C. They cannot count the material at all In the Building Design and Construction Rating Systems, a material must be extracted or harvested AND processed or manufactured within 500 miles of the project site to be considered a regional material- there is no partial credit.

Answer 60

D. LEED for Homes

Answer 61

B. Use materials with a high solar reflectance index | E. Use vegetated roofs

Answer 62

C. Document all project credits While the LEED Project Administrator will likely document some project credits, the person who has firsthand knowledge of the credit requirements and how the project has satisfied them should be documenting each credit. This means that many team members will share the documentation requirements.

Answer 63

A. Through a program provided by the local utility company B. By purchasing Green-e certified RECs “Green Power” is off-site, grid-source power generated from renewable sources. On-site PV installations would qualify as “On-Site Renewable Energy” not “Green Power.” The energy from the local wind farm is not grid-source and may also not be green-e certified which is another requirement of this credit.

Answer 64

C. Native Plants Because green roofs may be difficult to access, they should be planted with materials that are low maintenance, which many native species are, requiring little to no irrigation and fertilization like most annuals and cultivated species. Trees and shrubs likely have roots that grow very deep and could puncture a roof membrane or weigh too much to be supported by the roof.

Answer 65

A. Air Quality The SMACNA guidelines are aimed at protecting the indoor air quality of buildings that are under construction through measures such as housekeeping, scheduling, source control and HVAC protection.

Answer 66

B. Use of rainwater for toilet flushing C. Minimizing parking capacity Plumbing codes in some jurisdictions do not allow for collected rainwater to be brought inside the building for use to flush toilets. Additionally, many zoning codes set minimum parking capacities that must be met for certain types of projects.

Answer 67

D. A brownfield E. A previously developed urban site The LEED Rating System discourages developing on prime farmland, habitat for endangered species or close to a water body by awarding a point for projects that avoid these types of sites. Conversely, the rating system awards a point for building on a brownfield or on a previously developed urban site (development density and community connectivity).

Answer 68

B. It must be cost effective | Just by virtue of being “innovative” many strategies that qualify for innovation and design credit can be very costly.

Answer 69

D. Preferred parking spaces must be distributed among all lots

Answer 70

D.Ozone depletion

Answer 71

A. It is vegetated “Open space” must be vegetated, but it does not have to be vegetated with native or adapted species- any vegetation is acceptable.

Answer 72

A. CFCs CFCs were the preferred refrigerant for many years because they are, in general, the most efficient category of refrigerants. They have been phased-out, however, due to their negative environmental impacts.

Answer 73

C. It may be more expensive than site-separated recycling Many waste management companies charge more for processing co-mingled recycling than recycling that has been separated on site, because it is more work for them to separate it at their facility.

Answer 74

A. Distance C. A freeway interchange D. A wall You can often simply walk through or past a parking lot or park, but a wall or freeway interchange may create an impenetrable barrier. Distance can also hinder pedestrian access because people are willing to walk a limited distance.

Answer 75

D. ADA (the Americans With Disabilities Act) The Civil Rights Act is also a federal act, but it has nothing to do with building codes and EPAct (the Energy Policy Act) is a federal act that is related to building codes, but it deals with energy and water use, not building accessibility. ASHRAE is an energy code which is not a federal act and ANSI is a national institute that sets standards.

Answer 76

D. Drinking

Answer 77

A. Spray Irrigation | Spray irrigation uses much more water than alternative methods such as drip irrigation.

Answer 78

B. Source Reduction

Answer 79

A. In the project pre-planning phase | The integrative design process should begin as early in the process as possible.

Answer 80

A. A casino built on a riverboat D. A temporary sports facility The LEED Minimum Program Requirements state that the building must be built on existing land and the building must be permanent. These two requirements prohibit the above projects from being eligible for LEED certification.

Answer 81

A. Domestic hot water heater

Answer 82

B. Kitchen Sink C. Shower Head D. Bathroom Sink Toilet and urinal water usage is measured in gallons per flush (GPF) not gallons per minute (GPM)

Answer 83

C. Energy and Atmosphere

Answer 84

A. To earn Exemplary Performance | Exemplary performance can be achieved on some credit by exceeding the established threshold for credit achievement.

Answer 85

C. To establish baseline building plumbing fixture performance While the Energy Policy Act also deals with energy use, LEED uses it to establish baseline water use rates for plumbing fixtures.

Answer 86

C. Life Cycle Costing Life Cycle Costing takes into account not only product and system first costs, but also costs for ongoing maintenance, energy use, life-span etc. Sustainable design strategies often have higher first costs than comparable materials but can be shown to be less expensive in the long run due to decrease energy or maintenance costs.

Answer 87

D. Previously developed site | LEED encourages you not to build on the other listed types of sites.

Answer 88

A. California Air Resources Board ZEV | B. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy Green Book

Answer 89

A. 1 A project can only earn one Innovation and Design point for LEED AP participation no matter how many LEED Aps are working on the project.

Answer 90

D. A letter template Some credits and prerequisites may also require additional supporting documentation, but all LEED credits and prerequisites require a LEED letter template.

Answer 91

A. Project square footage

Answer 92

E. Wood | While wood is an agricultural product, its growth and harvest cycle is longer than 10 years.

Answer 93

D. 500 miles

Answer 94

B. Minimum Program Requirements D. Prerequisites Credits, in general are optional- you get to pick and choose which to pursue. LEED AP involvement and integrated design are highly recommended, but not mandatory.

Answer 95

C. LEED for New Construction High rise residential projects (4 stories or more) must use LEED for New Construction not LEED for Homes. Watch for a “LEED for Mid-Rise Residential Rating System” to be introduced soon!

Answer 96

A. Erosion E. Sedimentation F. Airborne Dust Pollution

Answer 97

A. Graywater | Since bathroom sink water is unlikely to contain organic waste, it is considered graywater, not blackwater

Answer 98

B. 1.0 GPF Since a dry urinal uses no water, it would decrease water use from the baseline by the full established baseline amount, which is 1.0 GPF.

Answer 99

B. 10 | These ten points represent the points available from the Innovation and Design and Regional Priority categories.

Answer 100

E. Space Volume

Answer 101

C. Indoor Air Quality While Indoor Air Quality is an important aspect of the category, the name of the category is Indoor Environmental Quality.

Answer 102

B. Water efficient irrigation

Answer 103

Solution: The minimum density of a neighborhood is 10 units per acre. In order to achieve a credit for Development Density and Community Connectivity using the community connectivity compliance path, the project must have access to at least ten “basic services,” but a day care center and medical services are not specifically required, as long as ten other services are within a half mile of the project site. The answer is B.

Answer 104

Project teams must not exceed the minimum number of parking spots required by local zoning requirements in order to receive points for Alternative Transportation, Parking Capacity. In order to achieve the exemplary performance points project teams can instituting a comprehensive transportation management plan that demonstrates a reduction in personal automobile use, but this is not a basic credit requirement. Project teams may provide infrastructure to facilitate shared vehicle usage in order to comply with the residential option of this credit, but it is not required of all credit options. Project teams may provide preferred parking for carpools or vanpools for 5% of provided parking spots in order to comply with the non-residential options for this credit, but it is not required of all credit options. The answer is A.

Answer 105

Reduced access to parking facilities rarely affects the value or marketability of a property. Utility companies often charge for stormwater based on impervious area. In these cases, reducing the area for parking would result in lower stormwater charges. Reducing the area for parking may also result in a smaller development footprint and allow for more space for natural areas. A smaller parking area also generally means less impervious area, which reduces runoff and improves water quality. The answer is A.

Answer 106

In order to earn Sustainable Site credit for Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms, all projects must have secure bicycle storage in which bikes can be individually locked and stored. Only residential projects are required to have covered bicycle storage and transient occupancy need only be considered for non-residential projects, and the number of secure bicycle spaces must equal 5% of peak building users for non-residential projects only (15% of the building occupants must have secure bicycle storage in residential buildings). For projects located on a campus or similar setting, showering facilities can be shared between buildings as long as the facilities are within 200 yards of the entrance to the building pursuing LEED certification. The answer is B.

Answer 107

Toilet flushing accounts for approximately 4.8 billion gallons of water consumption per day in the United States, contributing more than any other residential or commercial water fixture. Toilets manufactured prior to 1992 were designed to use up to 8 gallons of water per flush. The Energy Policy Act of 1992 established a limit of 1.6 gallons per flush for new toilets. Technologies such as waterless urinals, dual-flush toilets, or composting toilets may also be introduced to a project to further reduce water consumption. The answer is D.

Answer 108

The Energy Policy Act of 1992 and subsequent updates establishes flow parameters for toilets, urinals, showerheads, faucets, and prerinse spray valves. Water savings from only these fixtures may be used in calculations for Water Use Reduction. Dishwashers, clothes washers, and other fixtures that consume water but are not included in EPAct 92 guidelines cannot be used in the calculation for WE credits but can apply towards ID/IO credits for Exemplary Performance. The answer is D.

Answer 109

Though dishwashers and laundry machines have a significant impact on the water use of a hotel, they cannot be included in calculations for WE Credits for Water Use Reduction. However, they may contribute to ID/IO credits for Exemplary Performance. The answer is D and E.

Answer 110

Water Use Reduction determines the percentage of reduction of potable water consumption by dividing the difference between use in the design case and use in the baseline case by the baseline usage. The baseline case must use flow rates and flush volumes established by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and subsequent updates. The reduction in usage is the difference between the baseline case and the design case. For example, if the baseline case is presumed to consume 400 gallons of potable water per day and the design case is predicted to consume 150 gallons, the difference in daily consumption (the reduction in usage) would be 250 gallons. The percentage reduction is calculated by dividing the reduction in usage by the baseline usage and multiplying by 100%. Using the values in the example given, (250 GAL/400 GAL)X100=62.5 63% The design case uses approximately 63% less potable water than the baseline case. The answer is A, C, and E.

Answer 111

During the design phase of credits for Water Use Reduction, the project team would not set water goals or determine code-related issues associated with high-performance plumbing fixtures. These steps must be completed during the predesign phase of the project. During the design development phase of the project, the project team focuses on developing and designing water reuse and treatment systems, performing preliminary LEED calculations and confirming or reassessing water goals. The answer is A and B.

Answer 112

Alternative Transportation: Bike Storage and Changing Rooms, Alternative Transportation: Low-Emission and Fuel Efficient Vehicles, Innovative Wastewater Technologies and Water Use Reduction all require the same FTE calculation. Full time equivalents are calculated by adding the numer of full-time occupants multiplied by 8 to the number of part-time occupants multiplied by 4, and dividing the sum by 8. The answer is B, C, E, and F.

Answer 113

According to the USGBC, about 5 billion gallons of potable water are used every day in the United States just for flushing toilets. The answer is E

Answer 114

Graywater and stormwater can be used for sewage conveyance, but blackwater cannot be used for this purpose. The answer is A.

Answer 115

The LEED Reference Guides list the USGBC’S, the IPC’s, and the UPC’s definitions of graywater, but conclude that project teams should use the definition established by the authority with jurisdiction in the project area. The answer is A.

Answer 116

During the design development phase of Water Use Reduction credits, the project team would not determine code-related issues associated with high-performance plumbing fixtures. This step must be completed during the predesign phase of the project to ensure that the strategy complies with requirements of the local jurisdiction. During the design development phase of the project, the project team focuses on developing and designing water reuse and treatment systems, performing preliminary LEED calculations and confirming or reassessing water goals. The answer is B.

Answer 117

For Water Use Reduction, the LEED Reference Guide suggests that the architect, working with the owner, should specify efficient fixtures and appliances and complete the LEED calculations and documentation. LEED submittal templates also always allow a "responsible party" to submit credit documentation.

Answer 118

To earn a point for Green Power, a portion of the building’s electricity must come from renewable (green) power sources. Eligible sources are defined by the Green-e Governance Board in Appendix D of the Green-e National Standard. Examples of eligible sources are solar, wind, geothermal, landfill gas, biomass, low-impact hydro, and biodiesel sources. Compressed air is not a source of energy, but a storage method. Other examples of stored energy (which cannot contribute toward earning EA Credit 6) are flywheels, pumped hydroelectric storage, battery storage, superconducting magnetic energy storage, and supercapacitors.

Answer 119

To be eligible to earn a point for EA Credit 6, Green Power, a project team must account for the eligible renewable power purchased, and confirm that the power product meets the Green e-criteria. Option C, document the power product’s Green-e certification, is not required. The purchased power product does not have to be Green e-certified to comply with credit requirements, it must simply meet Green-e criteria. Option D is an example of an acceptable way of accounting for the requirements outlined in Options A and B, but alternative documentation is acceptable, and therefore Option D is not required.

Answer 120

Power products do not need to be Green-e certified, but they must meet the Green-e criteria in order to qualify for Green Power credits. Purchasing renewable energy certificates is an option but is not required to earn Green Power points. The answer is B and C.

Answer 121

Calculations for materials diverted from the landfill may be based on either weight (in tons) or volume (in cubic yards), but must be consistently calculated for all materials. USGBC provides conversion factors for various commonly diverted materials to facilitate providing all measurements in either tons or cubic yards. The answer is D.

Answer 122

The percentage of material in a product that was consumer waste is the USGBC definition of postconsumer (not preconsumer) recycled content. Per the USGBC Reference Guides, “Preconsumer recycled content, formerly known as postindustrial content, is the percentage of material in a product that is recycled from manufacturing waste. Excluded are rework, regrind, or scrap materials capable of being reclaimed within the same process that generated them. (ISO 14021)” The answer is B.

Answer 123

Preliminary calculations for Recycled Content and Regional Materials are run during the design phase. During construction, the contractor is responsible for ensuring the appropriate installation of these materials.

Answer 124

To earn a point for Storage and Collection of Recyclables, a project team need only declare that the recycling area is easily accessible and adequate for the project’s needs. The letter template must be signed by the architect. The answer is A.

Answer 125

Aggregate consists of graduated fragments of inert mineral materials, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, rock dust, or powder. Inert solid waste is concrete, asphalt, dirt, brick, and other rubble. These materials can be recycled and used to produce portland cement concrete and asphalt concrete. The cement and asphalt serve as binders. Construction projects are often able to divert brick, blocks, concrete, curbstones, marble and granite, paving slabs, stone, and any other rock from the landfill by recycling them as aggregate. It may be possible for a project to recycle gypsum wallboard and steel as well, but these could not be used as aggregate. The answer is B and C.

Answer 126

Construction and demolition debris includes waste generated by construction, renovation, demolition, or deconstruction. It includes not only waste that will be disposed of as landfill, but also waste that will be incinerated or recycled. C&D debris does not, however, include debris generated by clearing land, such as rocks, soil, and vegetation. The answer is D.

Answer 127

There is no minimum required size for a recycling area to meet the requirements for the Storage and Collection of Recyclables. There are recycling area “guidelines” that indicate suggested areas, but these are not requirements. The answer is F.

Answer 128

For each material, the information that must be provided includes the material's description, its cost, its manufacturer, its percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content, and the source of the data about its recycled content. The percent of recycled content needed to satisfy the credits, refers to the value of the recycled content as a percentage of the total value of the materials used in the project. The weight of the materials involved is not needed, nor is any estimate of what the materials would cost without recycled content. The answer is A, D, and E.

Answer 129

The submittal for this credit must include the receiving agent for each category of waste, and the quantity of waste in each category. However, this quantity may be given in either cubic yards or tons, as long as the units are consistent throughout. The answer is A, C, and D.

Answer 130

Furniture may be included in the calculation for Recycled Content, provided that it is consistently included in the appropriate MR credits. Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing components and elevators are never included. The answer is C.

Answer 131

To meet the requirements, the developers must provide a space where paper, glass, plastics, corrugated cardboard, and metals can be collected and stored for recycling. It is not required that hazardous waste, household batteries, or organic waste be collected. The answer is A, D, and E.

Answer 132

Steel products for which no information is available about recycled content may be assumed to contain 25% post-consumer recycled content. For no other material is it permitted to make a similar assumption about minimum recycled content.

Answer 133

In BD&C projects and ID&C projects 75% must be diverted to earn the highest level - two points. In EBO&M projects 70% must be diverted to earn one point; there is no higher level. So 75% of the construction waste diverted, or 225 tons, qualifies for the highest level in any project.

Answer 134

Aggregate consists of graduated fragments of inert mineral materials, including sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, rock dust, or powder. Inert solid waste is concrete, asphalt, dirt, brick, and other rubble. These materials can be recycled and used to produce portland cement concrete and asphalt concrete. The cement and asphalt serve as binders. Construction projects are often able to divert brick, blocks, concrete, curbstones, marble and granite, paving slabs, stone, and any other rock from the landfill by recycling them as aggregate. It may be possible for a project to recycle gypsum wallboard and steel as well, but these could not be used as aggregate. The answer is B and C.

Answer 135

Innovation in Design (ID) credits reward incorporating innovative building features that are not specifically addressed by the LEED Rating System, exceeding LEED credit requirements by prescribed amounts (considered “exemplary performance”), and including a LEED Accredited Professional (AP) on the project team. As LEED evolves, designers constantly find new ways to make buildings more efficient and implement new strategies for green building. ID credits are designed to recognize this creativity and innovation. ID credits also acknowledge cases in which the building exceeds the requirements established by the credits. Awarding a credit for including a LEED AP on the design team helps to ensure that a person who has demonstrated familiarity with the USGBC system is involved with the certification process. Evaluating the methods outlined in case studies of LEED certified buildings may help a project identify ways to achieve points, but case studies are merely examples of what other projects have accomplished and the strategy that a project’s design team chose to employ to achieve certification. They are not intended to define requirements or prescribe ways that all projects must accomplish certification. Likewise, ID credits do not recognize certification process efficiencies. The answer is A, D, and E.

Answer 136

Though a submitted ID/IO credit may have synergies with other LEED credits, these synergies do not need to be discussed in the submittal. All other information listed is required

Answer 137

Integrating the opinions of experts in the areas of energy efficiency, materials, indoor environmental quality, and other related fields can enable LEED project teams to identify better design solutions and avoid decisions that exceed the needs of the project. Identifying opportunities to downsize mechanical equipment and avoiding unnecessary operational systems are both ways that a project can improve its return on investment. Change orders, or changes to the agreed upon scope of the project, can result when a project is not well coordinated or communication is poor. Change orders can be costly and time consuming. A delayed fit out may also result from poor coordination and communication or be the result of change orders. The answer is B, C, and D.

Answer 138

Options B, D, E, and G are all options that involve the general contractor’s responsibility to collect data and paperwork for the LEED documentation process. Options A, C, and F indicate responsibilities of other parties. The answer is B, D, E, and G.

Answer 139

The general contractor has the greatest impact on decisions regarding the job site’s indoor air quality management. Although the general contractor’s decisions will impact the mechanical engineer’s decisions regarding filtration using the existing HVAC system, these decisions are ultimately the responsibility of general contractor.

Answer 140

For a nonresidential building to qualify for SS Credit 4.2, there must be at least enough bicycle storage spaces to serve 5% of the total full-time equivalent (FTE) occupancy, plus any peak period users per day; and the required amount of shower/changing facilities must be equal or greater than 0.5% of the total FTE occupancy (not including peak occupant users). For bicycle storage spaces: (200 FTE + 40 peak users)(0.05) = 12 bicycle storage spaces For shower/changing facilities: (200 FTE)(0.005) = 1 shower/changing facility The answer is C.

Answer 141

Water Use Reduction credits determine the percentage of reduction of potable water consumption by dividing the difference between use in the design case and use in the baseline case by the baseline usage. The baseline case must use flow rates and flush volumes established by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and subsequent updates, all specified in the LEED Reference Guide. The reduction in usage is the difference between the baseline case and the design case. For example, if the baseline case is presumed to consume 400 gallons of potable water per day and the design case is predicted to consume 150 gallons, the difference in daily consumption (the reduction in usage) would be 250 gallons. The percentage reduction is calculated by dividing the reduction in usage by the baseline usage and multiplying by 100%. Using the values in the example given, (250 GAL/400 GAL)100%=62.5% The design case uses approximately 63% less potable water than the baseline case. The answer is A, C, and E.

Answer 142

Alternative Transportation: Bike Storage and Changing Rooms, Alternative Transportation: Low-Emission and Fuel Efficient Vehicles, Innovative Wastewater Technologies and Water Use Reduction all require the same FTE calculation. Full time equivalents are calculated by adding the numer of full-time occupants multiplied by 8 to the number of part-time occupants multiplied by 4, and dividing the sum by 8. The answer is B, C, E, and F.

Answer 143

During the design development phase of Water Use Reduction credits, the project team would not determine code-related issues associated with high-performance plumbing fixtures. This step must be completed during the predesign phase of the project to ensure that the strategy complies with requirements of the local jurisdiction. During the design development phase of the project, the project team focuses on developing and designing water reuse and treatment systems, performing preliminary LEED calculations and confirming or reassessing water goals.

Answer 144

To be eligible to earn a point for EA Credit 6, Green Power, a project team must account for the eligible renewable power purchased, and confirm that the power product meets the Green e-criteria. Option C, document the power product’s Green-e certification, is not required. The purchased power product does not have to be Green e-certified to comply with credit requirements, it must simply meet Green-e criteria. Option D is an example of an acceptable way of accounting for the requirements outlined in Options A and B, but alternative documentation is acceptable, and therefore Option D is not required. The answer is A and B.

Answer 145

Tipping fees are those expenses associated with disposing of waste in a landfill. Prices are typically established per ton of waste. In addition to the potential for earning LEED credits, there are several financial and logistical incentives for reducing the amount of construction waste sent to the landfill. Tipping fees for construction and demolition debris are considerably higher than those applied to municipal solid waste. Many landfills no longer accept construction and demolition waste, or may charge higher rates to deal with hazardous materials, such as lead or asbestos, that have been removed from demolished buildings. The answer is D.

Answer 146

The percentage of material in a product that was consumer waste is the USGBC definition of postconsumer (not preconsumer) recycled content. Per the USGBC Reference Guides, “Preconsumer recycled content, formerly known as postindustrial content, is the percentage of material in a product that is recycled from manufacturing waste. Excluded are rework, regrind, or scrap materials capable of being reclaimed within the same process that generated them. (ISO 14021)” The answer is B.

Answer 147

For each material, the information that must be provided includes the material's description, its cost, its manufacturer, its percentage of pre-consumer and/or post-consumer recycled content, and the source of the data about its recycled content. The percent of recycled content needed to satisfy the credits, refers to the value of the recycled content as a percentage of the total value of the materials used in the project. The weight of the materials involved is not needed, nor is any estimate of what the materials would cost without recycled content. The answer is A, D, and E.

Answer 148

Though a submitted ID/IO credit may have synergies with other LEED credits, these synergies do not need to be discussed in the submittal. All other information listed is required. The answer is B.

Answer 149

The owner may be the decision maker for many LEED credits, including Site Selection, Innovative Wastewater Technologies, and Green Power. In general, a more specialized member of the design team is required as the decision maker for credits requiring more complex technical analysis, such as Heat Island Effect and Measurement and Verification. The answer is A, C, and E.

Answer 150

Options B, D, E, and G are all options that involve the general contractor’s responsibility to collect data and paperwork for the LEED documentation process. Options A, C, and F indicate responsibilities of other parties. The answer is B, D, E, and G.

Answer 151

26 | 1 Prereq- Pollution Prevention

Answer 152

A working fluid that flows through a machine that is designed to pump heat from a lower temp to a higher temp.

Answer 153

molecules with one or more carbons, with all of the hydrogen atons replaced by wither chlorine or fluorine atoms. Extremely stable, most refrigerants used prior to the ozone crisis were of this group. Have a long atmospheric life, allowing them to migrate to the stratosphere where they break up leaving the free chlorine atoms to break up the ozone layer. Manufacture is banned by the Montreal Protocol as of 2010.

Answer 154

Molecules have 1 or more carbons, some of which the hydrogen atoms are replaced by chlorine or fluorine atoms. Designed to be sufficiently stable within the machine, but have a relatively short atmospheric life, thereby minimizing their damage to the ozone layer. Still being phased out.

Answer 155

Have 1 or more carbons, with some of the hydrogen atoms being replaced by fluorine atoms. Have a negligible impact on the ozone layer, but many have a significant GWP value.

Answer 156

Carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, hydrocarbons, and air.

Answer 157

HFC-23 | NH3- Ammonia