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Green Building > LEED GA > Flashcards

LEED GA Flashcards

1
Q

minimum requirements

A
  • must comply with environmental laws
  • must be a complete, permanent building or space
  • must use a reasonable site boundary
    • no gerrymandering
  • must comply with minimum floor area requirements
    • 1000 sq feet
  • must comply with minimum occupancy rates
    • 1 person at any give time throughout the year
  • must commit to sharing whole building energy and water usage data with USGBC and USGBI
  • must comply with a minimum building area to site area ratio
    • gross floor = more than 2% of gross land area
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2
Q

prerequisites

A
  • these are mandatory prerequisites in different categories that must be met in order to be eligible for certification
  • they establish minimum sustainable level
  • key criteria that define green building performance
  • worth NO points
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3
Q

how to earn points

A
  • CREDITS: credits earn points
  • these are selected and pursued at your discretion
  • they are optional
  • INTENTS
    • applies to prerequisites and credits
    • why the credits exist and how they promote sustainability
  • REQUIREMENTS - out of this scope
    • applies to prerequisites and credits
    • different ways to achieve credits and receive pts
  • STRATEGIES
    • how to meet requirements
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4
Q

the seven categories

A

seven categories

  • sustainable sites (SS)
  • water efficiency (WE)
  • energy and atmosphere (EA)
  • materials and reasources (MR)
  • indoor environmental quality (IEQ)
  • innovation and design (ID)
  • regional priority (RP)

specific to LEED homes

  • location and linkages (LL)
  • awareness and education (AE)
  • 3 stories of less
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5
Q

process of getting a building certified

(what leed professionals do)

A
  • register the project with GBCI via LEED online
  • project administrator: to the person who initially registers the project via LEED online. they provide info, invite members to LEED online and assign credit responsibility to team members
  • LEED online: where the team manage the LEED certification process, upload files & receive feedback
  • LEED credit scorecard: assess and track attempted credits
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6
Q

8 steps to LEED certification

A
  1. LEED on line registration www.gbci.org
  2. determine LEED credits sought
    • LEED charrette or prelim LEED analysis
  3. set-up LEED online project teams and assign roles
  4. LEED online documentation
  5. LEED design submittal
  6. LEED construction submittal
  7. appeal process if any
  8. certification awarded
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7
Q

CIR’s

A
  • review the reference guide
  • contact USGBC customer service
  • submit a CIR
  • CIR:
    • 600 words
    • $200 per CIR
    • TAG technical advisory group reviews them
    • the ruling does not guarantee the prereqs, credit or MPR will be satisfied
    • not precedent setting
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8
Q

LEED accredited vs LEED certification

A
  • LEED BD&C
    • LEED NC
    • LEED S
    • LEED CS
  • LEED ID&C
    • LEED CI
  • LEED O&M
    • LEED EB
  • LEED H
    • LEED H
  • LEED ND
    • LEED ND
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9
Q

LEED CEU

A
  • every 2 years
  • LEED GA = 15 continuing education hours
  • LEED AP+ = 30 continuing education hours
  • $50 fees
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10
Q

logo policies

A
  • acceptable only two ways
    • U.S. Green Building Council
    • USGBC
  • LEED certification: the certification process
  • LEED certified: any level of certification
  • LEED Certified: lowest level between 40-49 points
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11
Q

integrated design

A
  • a holistic design approach - integrated design
  • early stage discussion of goals and requirements
    • LEED charrette

sitting early on in the design stage to discuss goals and encourage all stakeholders to participate

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12
Q

LCA vs LCC

A
  • LCA: life cycle assessment involves the environmental impact
  • LCC involves the costing
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13
Q

building footprint

development footprint

development hardscape footprint

property boundary

LEED project boundary

A
  • the space the building takes up from an aereal view
  • anything you change on the site - putting something where it was not before - alters natural development even grading is development footprint
  • if rainwater hit it, would 100% runoff? ie asphalt areas and concrete areas
  • what is legally owned
  • what is submitted to LEED
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14
Q

sustainable sites: prerequisites

A
  • P1 - erosion sediment control (ESC) plan
    • prevent loss of soil
    • prevent sedimentation
    • prevent pollution
    • regulated by EPA 2003
  • keep erosion and pollution on YOUR SITE
  • LEED use existing standards EPA 2003: mulch, control blankets, silt fencing, filter under catch basin
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15
Q

SS c1: site selection 1 point

A
  • do not develop buildings, hardsacape, roads or parking on portions of sites that meet the following:
    • prime farmland
    • undeveloped land <5’ above FEMAs 100 yr flood elevation
    • habitat for threatened or endangered species
    • within 100’ of wetlands or within state or local wetlands setbacks
    • underdeveloped land within 50’ of water body
    • prior public parkland
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16
Q

SS c2 - credits 4-5 points

A
  • high development density
    • stack floors
    • areas having greater than 60000sf/acre or
  • community connectivity
    • previously developed site
    • avg density of 10 units/acre of buildable land AND within 1/2 mile of ten basic community services: bank, convenience store, place of worship, fire station, post office, restaurants
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17
Q

SS c3: brownfield redevelopment 1 point

A
  • intent: rehabilitate damaged sites where development is complicated by environmentally contamination and to reduce pressure on undeveloped land
  • brownfield site: means real property, the expansion, redevelopment or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant or contaminant
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18
Q

SS - transportation credits

A
  • bicycle storage and changing rooms within 200 yards
  • no more parking than minimum per code
    • 1 parking space PER 200 sf
  • preferred parking
    • low emitting vehicles
    • electrical vehicle charging stations
    • carpool spaces
  • mass transit
    • 1/2 mile from commuter rail
    • 1/4 mile from bus stop
  • intent is to lower the number of people driving alone in a gas powered vehicle
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19
Q

SS site development

A
  • SS c5.1: site development: protect or restore habitat
    • intent - conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to provide habitat and promote biodiversity
    • greenfield: protect or restore habitat
  • SS c5.2: site development: maximize open space
    • open space = property area - development hardscape footprint - total green vegitative space/total area (site area) = percentage form
    • important for many credits - synergies
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20
Q

SS stormwater management

A
  • SWM - quantity control
    • swm plans to reduce volume of water running off site
  • SWM - quality control
    • BMPs: best management practices for:
      • TSS: total suspended solids
      • examples: wetland area, rain gardens, vegetated swales: things that filter contaminants
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21
Q

heat island effect

A
  • hotter due to hardscapes (2-10) degrees
  • common surface materials act as heat sinks
  • buildings block heat from radiating
  • open space reduces heat island effect
  • emmisivity - ability of surface to reflect heat back
  • albedo - reflectivity, how surface reflects heat, solar reflectance
  • SRI how a surface rejects heat entirely
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22
Q

SS two credits Heat Island

A
  • HIE non roof
    • shade 50% of hardsacapes (natural or SRI>29)
    • reduce hardscapes (roads, parking, sidewalks)
    • use cool pavement (SRI>29)
    • use open grid pavement (perviousness>50%)
    • 50% parking undercover
  • HIE roof
    • cover 75% of roof with cool materials excluding HVAC - low slope or steep slope
    • green roofs - 50% roof area
    • combination - (SRI/0.75)+(green roof/0.5) greater than total roof area
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23
Q

SS light pollution

A
  • light pollution reduction
    • reduce glare + light tresspass
    • allow night sky access
  • interior
    • indirect interior lighting
    • automated non-emergency lighting shutoff controls
  • exterior
    • ASHRAE 90.1 - control illumination levels
      • safety lighting
      • low angle spot lights
      • lower SRI surfaces
      • IESNA shows different degrees of lighting zones (computer software model)
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24
Q

water efficiency - terms to know

A
  • potable water: treated to drinkable water
  • blackwater: water that has contact with waste: organic material water from sink or dishwasher, toilet water and urinal water
  • greywater: can be reused, captured water from stormwater or laundry and bathroom sinks or shower water can be potentially used for irrigation or toilet use
  • process water: water unsed in building systems: chiller or cooling tower water
  • GPF: gallons per flush
  • GPM: gallons per minute
  • evapotranspiration: ground water that transpires up the roots through plants and trees condenses on their leaves and evaporates onto air - something that cannot hold water well
  • FTE: full time equivalent - a 40 hour week
  • EPAct: standard that LEED piggybacks off to establish what a conventional building water usage rate should be - US Energy Policy Act of 1992 or 2003
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25
Q

WE baseline water use

A
  • split FTE# = 0.5 men and 0.5 women
    • women: 3 toilet and 3 lavatories per day
    • men: 2 urinals, 1 toilet and 3 lavatories per day
  • EPAct
    • conventional toilet: 1.6 gpf
    • conventional lavatory (faucets): 2.2 gpm
    • conventional kitchen (faucets): 2.2 gpm
    • conventional showerheads: 2.5 gpm
26
Q

WE prerequisites

A
  • reduce potable water use by 20%
  • reduce water use by 30% + for credit
  • strategies
    • low flow fixtures
    • HET/dual-flush toilets/waterless urinals/compost
      • watersense=EPA standard for water efficient products
    • use recycled greywater for toilets
27
Q

WE wastewater credits

A
  • innovative wastewater technologies - 50% reduction
    • water conserving fixtures
    • stormwater re-use
    • greywater recycle
    • treat 50% of wastewater onsite
      • saves energy from the waste water being pumped and treated
      • ex: lagoons or septic tanks
28
Q

WE LID

A
  • low impact development LID
  • having as little impact on the land as possible
29
Q

WE landscaping

A
  • water efficient landscaping 50%/100% reduction
    • baseline wateruse calculated midsummer
    • synergies with SS SWM
  • strategies
    • adaptive/native plants
    • xeriscaping (using no potable water for irrigation)
    • efficient irrigation - drip (90%)
    • nonpotable irrigation
30
Q

energy and atmosphere - basic

A
  • contains the most credits available (all rating systems) because it has the
    • greatest potential for cost savings
    • greatest potential for emission reduction
  • focus
    • use less energy in building
    • support the use of more environmentally friendly energy sources
    • reduce greenhouse gas emissions
    • reduce ozone depletion and climate change
31
Q

EA prerequisite

A
  • 30% of the energy and 74% of electricity used by built environment
  • design charrette
    • discuss the needs and goals of the project OPR owner project requirements
    • basis of design BOD documents –> take OPR and put into the design and cost language
  • commissioning - first prerequ
    • verify and document that all systems are:
      • planned
      • design
      • installed
      • tested
      • operated and maintained
32
Q

EA prerequisite and credit

A
  • commisioning
  • prerequisite requirement (fundamental):
    • HVAC&R
    • lighting and day lighting controls
    • domestic hot water systems
    • renewable energy systems
  • credit requirement (enhanced) tripple check:
    • review before mid construction documents complete
    • review contractor submittals
    • review building operation within 10 months of completion
33
Q

EA prerequisite and credit: performance

A

​largest points available: up to 21 points available

  • energy performance - based on % saved (3-21 pts)
    • minimum=ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007 = baseline
    • LEED for schools - use EPA Target Finder
  • option 1: whole building energy simulation
  • option 2: ASHRAE advanced energy design guide
  • option 3: advanced buildings core performance guide

common measures for energy use are energy per sq foot (kWh/ft^2) or energy use by time (kWh/year)

  • utility bills serve as a good baseline - homes/existing building
  • energy model
  • industry published data
34
Q

EA refrigerant basic

A
  • refrigerant management: a refrigerant is how we transfer heat, they transfer heat very well
    • ozone depletion potential ODP - direct
    • global warming potential GWP - indirect
    • CFC chlorofluorocarbons: highest ODP+GWP
    • HCFC hydrochlorofluorocarbons: lower ODP
    • HFC hydrofluorocarbons: no ODP, high GWP
    • halocarbons: used in fire suppression systems
    • natural refrigerants: air
    • montreal protocol: the document that bans them
    • 5-rule: you must create a phase out plan in 5 years and leakage rate has to be = or less than 5%
    • textbook
35
Q

EA onsite renewable

A
  • onsite renewable energy
    • based on energy cost savings not %
    • utility rebates, sell back to grid
  • examples
    • solar
    • wind
    • biomass
36
Q

EA offsite

A
  • green power - opposite
    • based on % - energy consumption, not cost
    • purchase power from green-e certified provider on closed or open electricity market
    • REC: renewable energy certificates
    • TRC: tradeable renewable certificates
    • 2 yr contract for a certain percent of your energy
37
Q

EA measurement and verification

A
  • measurement and verification
  • intent:
    • provide for the ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over time

dashboard/prius effect

lists expected vs actual usage data

we want to know it was installed properly to ensure that the anticipated payback is on schedule

38
Q

Materials and Resources basic

A
  • if we have a building on a previously developed site can we incorporate elements of those buildings into our new construction and where do we source our materials from
  • and where can they go at the end of their life

osea

  • material selection
  • material disposal
  • LCA
  • reduce, reuse, recycle is a pillar

2 main sections

  • building reuse
  • material selection
39
Q

MR prerequisite

A
  • prerequisite
    • have a designated recycling area for:
      • paper
      • cardboard
      • glass
      • plastic
      • metals
40
Q

MR building reuse credit

A
  • maintain existing walls, floor and roof (the envelope)
    • points awarded based on percentage of area salvaged
    • credit includes:
      • exterior walls
      • roof
      • framing
    • credic excludes:
      • window assemblies
      • interiour walls
      • floor coverings
      • non-structural roofing material
      • ceiling systems
      • hazardous materials
41
Q

MR building reuse credit non-structural

A
  • maintain non-structural elements
    • by percentage area saved
    • credit includes:
      • interior walls
      • doors
      • floor covering
      • ceiling systems
42
Q

MR waste management

A
  • construction waste management
    • recycle
      • concrete
      • wood
      • glass
      • carpet
      • plastic
    • exclude
      • soil
      • land debris
      • asbestos/pcb’s (hazardous materials)

create a construction waste management plan

this credit motivates less construction waste in landfills

43
Q

MS baseline

A
  • baseline cost =
    • actual total material cost
    • 45% of total project cost
  • does not include MEP materials
    • mechanical, electrical and plumbing
44
Q

MR baseline material reuse

A
  • materials reuse - based on % of material cost
    • difference = reuse salvaged materials from other buildings
    • example: deconstructed building materials are stored or sold for use on new project
  • recycle content
    • pre-consumer: excess/damaged material reused for different purpose ISO 14021
    • post consumer: material served its use and now reused - ISO
    • credit calculation based on % of material cost
45
Q

MR regional materials

A
  • regional materials - 10%
    • material must be: extracted/harvested/recovered and manufactured:
      • within 500 miles of project
    • calculated based on % cost
  • intent is to reduce transportation emissions
46
Q

MR rapidly renewable materials

A
  • rapidly renewable materials
    • harvest rate < 10 years
    • save land - used and replaced faster
    • reduced use of finite materials
    • example: bamboo vs maple
47
Q

MR certified wood

A
  • certified wood
    • forest stewardship council FSC certified
    • chain of custody certificate
      • every place the wood passess through must be documented
        • ex: forest –> mill
        • sender –> receiver
        • can be the most sustainable

the most controversial credit for LEED

48
Q

Indoor Environmental Quality basics

A
  • the most credits but not worth the most points
  • versus energy and rent costs the people are the highest cost
  • occupant comfort
  • occupant health indoors
  • sick building syndrome SBS
  • 90% + of our time indoors
  • higher pollution indoors
  • indoor environmental quality IEQ
  • indoor air quality IAQ
  • densely occupied space 25:1000
  • volatile organic compound VOC
49
Q

IEQ prerequisites

A
  • minimum IAQ
    • ventilation rate: based on site size and amount of occupants
  • ASHRAE 62.1-2007: defines how much fresh air we need to bring into building
    • mechanical ventilation active
    • natural ventilation passive
    • mixed mode ventilation active + passive
  • environmental tobacco smoke ETS control
    • minimum = none in building
    • 25 ft of intakes and windows
    • ASTM E779-03 have designated smoking areas
50
Q

IEQ outdoor air delivery monitoring

A
  • (1 pt) outdoor air delivery monitoring: we have our minimum ventillation rate, now lets monitor to make sure we have that number
    • monitor ventilation systems - 10% change alarm
    • install carbon dioxide CO2 and airflow measurement equipment
  • (1 pt) increase ventilation
    • mechanical = 30% above ASHRAE 62.1-2007
    • natural = US DoE CISBE guidelines / model the project
51
Q

IEQ plan during construction

A
  • IAQ plan during construction
    • comply with SMACNA (sheet metal air conditioning national association) IAQ guidelines
    • protect absorptive materials from moisture damage
    • filters are minimum efficiency reporting value MERV > 8 per ASHRAE 52.2-1999
  • IAQ plan before occupancy
    • full building flushout (14000cf-air/sf floor area)
      • +60 degrees internal temp
      • relative humidity < 60%
    • IAQ test after construction before occupancy
52
Q

IEQ low VOCs

A
  • adhesives and sealants
    • south coast air quality management district rule #1168
    • aerosol abide by: green seal for commercial adhesives GS-36
  • paints and coatings
    • voc limit < green seal standard GS-11 paints
    • if anticorrosive < 250g/L, green seal GC-03
    • wood finishes/floor coatings = SCAQMD rule #1113
  • flooring
    • carpet meet carpet and rug institute CRI green label plus program
    • carpet cushion meet CRI green label program
      • carpet adhesives < 50 g/L VOC limit
    • hard surfaces meet floorscore standard by 3rd party
    • sealer and stain = SCAQMD rule #1113
    • setting adhesives and grout = SCAQMD rule #1168
  • compsite wood and agrifiber
    • 10th entrance grates/grilles to capture dirt
      • roll out mats ok if cleaned weekly
    • exhaust contaminated spaces
    • mechanically ventillated = MERV 13+ filters
    • containment for disposal of hazardous liquid wastes
53
Q

IEQ lighting and thermal

A
  • lighting control
    • individual control for 90% of occupants
      • task lighting improves comfort and productivity
  • thermal control
    • 50% of building occupants have control
    • mechanical ventilation = ASHRAE 55-2004
  • an operable window can be used in lou of thermostat
54
Q

IEQ thermal comfort

A
  • thermal comfort design
    • depends on
      • activity
      • clothing
      • environment
  • HVAC+building envelope must comply with:
    • ASHRAE 55-2004, thermal comfort conditions for human occupancy
    • so your HVAC system must be X efficient and your building envelope must have X insulating value
55
Q

IEQ thermal comfort measurement and verification

A
  • thermal comfort measurement and verification
    • survey building occupants
      • survey guidelines in ASHRAE 55-2004
    • if 20% are dissatisfied, develop a correction action plan
56
Q

IEQ daylight and views

A
  • daylight: 75% –> 90% total
    • increase connectivity
    • south facing windows
    • windows, skylights and light tubes
  • views: 30” –> 90”
    • only counts if its 30 inches to 90 inches from ground
57
Q

more standards

A
  • ADA american with disabilities act
  • AIA american institute of architects
  • LEED pilot
  • credit harmonization
  • LEED steering committe LSC: overseeing committee
  • LEED interpretation - precedent setting
  • TAGs technical advisory groups
    • credit interpretation request CIR rulings
58
Q

Innovation in Design

A
  • innovation in design
  • 6 points available
  • ID for NC projects
  • innovation in operations for existing buildings
    • ID type 1 = innovative performance
    • ID type 2 = exemplary performancy
    • ID type 3 = LEED AP
59
Q

ID Innovative Performance

A
  • innovative performance for something that is outside the rating system but still sustainble
  • quantifiable
  • comprehensive
  • transferable and repeatable
  • example:
    • fly ash in concrete
    • green cleaning/eduacaiton
  • come up with lable (name), intent, requirements and propose - intent cannot be duplicated
60
Q

ID exemplary performance

A
  • not all credits have this option
  • achieve the next quantifiable threshold
  • may be able to double the levels
    • ex: 4 years instead of 2 or double the %

LEED AP

61
Q

Regional Priority

A
  • 4/6 max points
  • to account for GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION
  • determine which credits are RP when register on LEED online
  • determined based on zip code
62
Q
A

Green Building (1 decks)

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