Lecutre 10: Chemistry of Alcohols, Esters and Polymers

Question 1

what reactions can synthesize alcohols

Answer 1

1. substitution of haloalkane with NaOH
2. addition reaction (alkene+H2O) conditions: 600 celcius, high pressure
3. fermentation (ethanol only)

Question 2

when is a carbon’s oxidation state higher?

Answer 2

when more oxygen are attached to it

Question 3

name 2 oxidizing agents

Answer 3

1. potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7)- strong
2. pyridinium cholorochromate (PCC)- mild

Question 4

how is K2Cr2O7 used and what changes

Answer 4

used in acidified solution with H2SO4 under reflux

turns from orange to green when oxidized

Question 5

what happens to primary alcohol with K2Cr2O7?

Answer 5

oxidized to aldehyde then to COOH
color change orange to green

Question 6

what happens to secondary alcohol with K2Cr2O7?

Answer 6

oxidized to ketone
color change orange to green

Question 7

what happens to tertiary alcohol with K2Cr2O7?

Answer 7

no reaction

Question 8

what happens to primary alcohol with PCC?

Answer 8

oxidizes to aldehyde
cannot oxidize further because weak oxidizing agent

Question 9

what happens to secondary alcohol with PCC?

Answer 9

ketone

Question 10

what happens to tertiary alcohol with PCC?

Answer 10

no reaction

Question 11

C double bond O chain name in ester

Answer 11

alkanoate

Question 12

C-O chain name in ester

Answer 12

alkyl

Question 13

how to make esters?

Answer 13

esterification:
carboxylic acid or acyl chloride + alcohol gives ester

Question 14

alcohol + COOH conditions

Answer 14

strong acid catalyst
[reversible reaction]

Question 15

COOH test

Answer 15

Na2CO3 sodium carbonate added to sample
releases bubbles if acid present

Question 16

aldehyde and ketone distinguish

Answer 16

[Ag(NH3)2]+ aka tollens reagent becomes silver with aldehydes

Question 17

what is fehlings solution

Answer 17

complexed copper ions in alkaline solution