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Endocrinology/USAT/lecturio > Lecturio > Flashcards

Lecturio Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of cells producing hormones

A

smooth ER, tubular mithochodria, lipid inclusions

does NOT have secretory granules

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2
Q

Endocrine signaling

A

endocrine organ secretes its hormone into the blood

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3
Q

neuroendocrine secretion

A

when secretion is done from nerve cells.

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4
Q

Paracrine secretion

A

hormone diffusion via connective tissue to the vicinal target cells. hormones called mediators or tissue hormones

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5
Q

mediator/tissue hormones

A

hormones release from paracrine secretion

eg cytokines, histamines,NO, serotonin

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6
Q

autocrine secretion

A

hormones produced by the cell reacts to the same cell. the cell affects itself. eg, embrionic differentiation

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7
Q

neurohypophysis

A

consists of neural tissue.
no hormone production.
released of oxytocin and ADH into blood stream

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8
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior lobe of the pituitary
3 parts:pars distalis-front
pars tuberalis-next to pituitary stalk and pars intermedia- middle

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9
Q

acidophilic cells

A

produce prolactin and growth hormone
colored red in the H &E stain
adenohypophysis

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10
Q

basophillic cells

A

secrete MSH, ACTH,TSH,FSH,LH
colored blue in the H&E stain
adenohypophysis

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11
Q

Chromophobe cell

A

rare, do not stain,

exhausted endocrine cells as well as stem and stellate cells

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12
Q

c cells

A

produces hormone calcitonin, the antagonist of the parathyroid hormone of the paathyroid

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13
Q

adrenal gland structure

A

cortex- 80%

medulla- 20 % ( histology- jugular veins)

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14
Q

what are the zones of the adrenal cortex

A

zona glomerulosa
zona fasciculata
zona reticularis

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15
Q

zona glomerulosa

A

epithelial cells form balls or arcades

mineralocorticoids - aldosterone are produced here

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16
Q

zona fasciculata

A

polygonal cells with a bright nucleus and lipid droplets. Produces glucocorticoids- cortisol under the control of pituitary ACTH

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17
Q

zona Reticularis

A

branched cell cords with acidophillic cytoplasm
androgens formation
converted to testosterone and estrogen in the ovaries and testes

18
Q

The adrenal medulla

A

produces epi and norepi
85% of medulla cells produce epi
15% produce noradrenaline

19
Q

adrenal medulla cells

A

modified sympathetic neurons with no extension
innervated by preganglionic cholinergic sympathetic neurons
also called endocrine sympathetic gangion
paraganglion suprarenale

20
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

catecholamine producing tumor

90 % originates from adrenal cells from medulla

21
Q

Epiphysis

A

Pineal gland
corpus pineale
not a gland
it is a light-receptive neuroendocrine organ
controls circadian rhythm
pineal cells- pinealocytes-produce melatonin

22
Q

Melatonin

A 
form from serotonin
secretions increases in darkness
slows in daylight
it is used for insomnia treatment
serves as antioxidant
23
Q

Growth Hormones

A

Protein
anterior pituitary
Promotes the growth of body tissues

24
Q

Prolactin

A

Peptide
anterior pituitary
Promotes the milk production

25
Q

thyrothropin (TSH)

A

glycoprotein
anterior pituitary
stimulates thyroid hormone secretion

26
Q

ACTH

A

anterior pituitary
peptide
release of hormones by the adrenal cortex

27
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

glycoprotein
anterior pituitary
stimulates gamete production

28
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

glycoprotein
anterior pituitary
androgen production through gonads

29
Q

ADH

A

peptide
anterior pituitary
stimulates water absorption of the Kidneys

30
Q

Oxytocin

A

Peptide
anterior pituitary
stimulates uterine contraction during childbirth

31
Q

Thyroxin T4

Triiodothronine T3

A

amine
thyroid
stimulates basal metabolic rate

32
Q

calcitonin

A

Peptide
thyroid
reduces calcium bld levels

33
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

peptide
parathyroid glands
increases calcium bld levels

34
Q

aldosterone

A

steroid
adrenal gland cortex
increases Na+ bld levels

35
Q

Cortisol, corticosterone, cortisone

A

steroid
adrenal gland cortex
increase blood sugar levels

36
Q

epinephrine/noradrenaline

A

amine
adrenal glands medulla
stimulates fight or flight reaction

37
Q

melatonin

A

pineal gland
amine
controls sleep cycle

38
Q

insulin

A

protein
pancreas
reduces blood sugar level

39
Q

glucagon

A

protein
pancreas
increase blood sugar level

40
Q

testosterone

A

steroid

stimulates the development of secondary male sexual characteristics and sperm production

41
Q

ovaries

A

steroid
estrogen and progesterone
stimulates the development of secondary female sexual characteristics and prepare the body for childbirth

Endocrinology/USAT/lecturio (1 decks)

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