Lectures2

Question 1

Terra instruments

Answer 1

 ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Artists impression of Spot 5
Emission and Reflection Radiometer)
 CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System)
 MISR (Multi-angle Imaging Spectro- Radiometer)
 MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)
 MOPPIT (Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere)

Question 2

ASTER main functions

Answer 2

detailed maps of land surface
temperature, emissivity, reflectance,
and elevation

Question 3

CERES manin function

Answer 3

radiation bodies, when emitted. Radiation is important because main driver for climate.

Question 4

MOPPIT

Answer 4

knowledge of knowledge of lower atmosphere, measurements of pollution in the troposphere. focus on distribution, transport, and sinks of CO and methane in troposphere.

Gas correlation spectroscopy. 3 spectral bands, two for CO and one for CH4.

Question 5

CO concentration can be caused by

Answer 5

biomass burning–fires

Question 6

MISR main function

Answer 6

Multi-angle Imagingin spectro-radiometer

9 widely spaced angles
ongoing global coverage with high spatial detail.

multiple angles also comparison between different levels of radiation reflected at different angles. Need to know the amount of sunlights that is scattered in different direction under natural conditions. Important for radiation and energy budget.

Aerosols / clouds=reflected right back.

Question 7

MISR bands

Answer 7

4 bands -vis +NIR

Question 8

SO4

Answer 8

sulfate

Question 9

MISR main goals

Answer 9

Aerosols:
abundance and type
impact on climate

Surface:
Land cover type,
directional / hemispherical reflectances
biosphere / atmopshere interactions

Clouds:
cloud screening
classification–type and alititude
impact on climate

Question 10

MISR: scattering angle

Answer 10

is the angle between the sun’s direction and viewing direction

Most of what can be learned about cloud/dust /surface comes from studying from different angles

Question 11

MODIS

Answer 11

important instrument on Terra / Aqua

2330-km swath

every point on world every 1-2 days in 36 discrete bands (reflected and emitted radiation)

improves on AVHRR (similar size track), tracks wider array of earth’s “vital signs” than any other Terra sensor

Question 12

MODIS spectral bands

Answer 12

see table

Question 13

Ocean color sensors

Answer 13

Seawifs, CZSwhatever, MODIS

Question 14

For cloud vapor

Answer 14

5-8 micrometers is atmospheric window for thermal, but can be used for cloud vapor (see 6-7 in MODIS table)

Question 15

find data here

Answer 15

usgs , echo reverb (nasa)

Question 16

CERES: Clouds and Energy Cycle

Answer 16

see graphic

Plus All previous tables with EOS sensors tables….

Question 17

radiation budget

Answer 17

Net = incoming = outgoing
R* (or Q*)= K(in) - K (out) + L(in) - L(out)

Thus R* = K* + L*

K= shortwave
L = longwave (thermal)

For albedo = K(in) [1-alpha (albedo)]

Q(energy budget) = Qh + Qe + Qg
h=sensible heat, e=latent heat, g=ground flux