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lectures Flashcards

1
Q

Gizzarditis caused by worms

A

disease of geese

Pathogen: Amidostomum anseris

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2
Q

Ulcerative enteritis

A

quail disease

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3
Q

Necrotic enteritis

A 
Clostridium perfringens A or C
Small intestine (jejunum and ileum, sometimes in caecum)
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4
Q

Ulcerative enteritis

A

Clostridium colinum
1-3 mm wide red ulcers
– in the small- and large intestines
– Surrounded by a necrotic ring + fibrin

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5
Q

Bacterial diseases accompanied with enteritis

A 
Fowl typhoid/pullorum disease
 – salmonellosis
– Fowlcholera
– Yersiniosis
– Enteric form of Coli-granulomatosis 
• Hjärre-disease
– Intestinal lesions in case of tuberculosis
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6
Q

tuberculosis

A 
Mycobacterium avium
infection: per os
primary complex:
• in the mucous membrane of the intestine
– Followed by early generalization
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7
Q

Viral enteritides

A 
Parvovirus enteritis
• Adenovirus enteritis 
• Astrovirus enteritis
• Reovirus enteritis
• Rotavirus enteritis
• Coronavirus enteritis
• PEMS
– poult enteritis mortality syndrome
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8
Q

Viral diseases accompanied with

enteritis

A 
Newcastle disease
• Avian influenza
• Duck plague, duck viral enteritis
• Hemorrhagic enteritis of turkey 
– adenovirus enteritis
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9
Q

Newcastle disease

A

velogenic strains
– fatal viraemia in all age

• mesogenic strains

– In young chicks:
• viraemia
• respiratory disease

– adult:
• nervous symptoms
• Layers: hypopigmented eggs

lentogenic and apathogen strains
– Mild disease (helps secondary pathogens)
– Vaccine production

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10
Q

Newcastle disease Infection

A

– inhalation (aerosol)
– through conjunctiva
– per os

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11
Q

ND velogen-viscerotrop form

A

– viraemia
– lesions in the intestines
– nervous signs

multiple haemorrhages
Intestinal lesions
conjuctivitis
• rhinitis
• cyanotic appendices on the head
• swelling of the tissues around the eyes and neck
• brain and spinal cord lesions
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12
Q

ND velogen- neurotropic form

A

– viraemia
– respiratory lesions
– nervous signs

No intestinal lesions are seen!

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13
Q

Newcastle disease

• Malfunction of the oviduct in layers

A

seen both in the velogen-viscerotrop and in the velogen-pneumotrop forms

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14
Q

Avian influenza infection:

A

– direct contact, saliva
– respiratory discharge, aerogenous
– virus contaminated water or feed, per os
– the virus is spread by wild birds

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15
Q

Avian influenza main features and pathology

A 
viraemia
– general febrile status
• haemorrhages – respiratory
– GI
– genital
– nervous
– rapid death – (even 100%)

Pathology:
• conjunctivitis,
lacrimation
• edema of the head • cyanotic wattles

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16
Q

Duck plague

A 
duck viral enteritis
Alphaherpesvirinae
duck enteritis virus (DEV)
lifelong carrier state and shedding
infection:
– direct contant
– fomites
– Live water
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17
Q

Duck plague replication site of virus

A

in the lymph follicles, in the macrophages

viraemia follows
– virus reaches all the organs
• liver, mucous membranes, immune organs

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18
Q

Duck plague Pathology:

A

multiple hemorrhages
– edema in the subcutaneous connective tissue
necrotic foci in the liver : nuclear inclusion bodies in the esophagus and cloaca too.
phallus necrosis.

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19
Q

Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis

A

adenovirus
Infection: per os horizontal
• with the feces of infected animals
in 4-11 week-old flocks

20
Q

Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis replication site of virus

A

enteric lymph follicles and enterocytes.

viraemia follows
– Immuno-suppression develops!
• often secondary diseases occur

21
Q

Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis pathology

A

Bloody content in the intestines
enlargement of the spleen „Marble spleen”
later atrophy of the spleen parenchyma follows
– the primary lymph organs atrophy too:
Thymus and bursa fabricii

22
Q

Viral diseases accompanied with enteritis

A

Enteric form of Derzsy’s disease
• Hemorrhagic Nephritis Enteritis of Geese
– Goose Hemorrhagic Polyomavirus
• Duck viral hepatitis

23
Q

Main Pathology of the caecum

A

Caesous colitis

Histomonosis

24
Q

Main Pathology of the colorectum

A

Intestinal (enteral) spirochaetosis

Coccidiosis

25
Q

Intestinal spirochaetosis

A

Spirochaetales, Brachyspiraceae

intestinal lesions
– kidney failure, uricosis

26
Q

Intestinal coccidiosis

A

Eimeria ssp.

Acute catarrhal enteritis
• Fibrinous enteritis
 – croupous, diphteric
• Hemorrhagic enteritis 
• Ulcerative enteritis
• Necrotic enteritis
• Chronic enteritis
27
Q

E. acervulina

A
  1. in the first part of the small intestine
28
Q

E. necatrix, E. mitis, E. maxima

A
  1. in the middle part of

the small intestine

29
Q

E. brunetti

A

4.in the colorectum

30
Q

E. tenella

A
  1. in the caecum
31
Q

Fatty liver and kidney syndrome in broilers

A

in fast growing, meat type hybrids
• from the 3. week of age

– Severe fatty infiltration in
• liver, kidney, heart muscle

– growth rate decreases
– Suspected cause: lack of biotin

32
Q

Liver Amyloidosis

A

markedly enlarged, pale, firm
• green due to cholestasis
Insoluable fibrillar protein depositioning in the tissues
seen :
after caseous typhlitis - often in geese
• after multiple vaccination against fowl cholera
• after chronic tuberculosis or purulent pododermatitis
• after inflammation of the phallus

33
Q

Bacterial diseases with hepatitis

A 
Fowl typhoid/pullorum disease
– salmonellosis
– Arizonosis
– Fowl cholera
– Campylobacter-hepatitis – Borreliosis
– Yersiniosis
– Chlamydiosis
34
Q

Viral diseases with hepatitis

A

– inclusion body hepatitis
– duck viral enteritis
– pigeon herpes virus infection
– avian hepatitis-E-virus infection

35
Q

Fowl typhoid/pullorum disease

A 
chicken
 Obligate, specific pathogens
Salmonella pullorum
– causes disease in young chickens only
 – inapparent infection in adult birds
– pullorum disease

• Salmonella gallinarum
– causes in any age
– fowl typhoid

36
Q

Fowl typhoid infection

A

infection:
– vertically (via egg)
– horizontally (per os)

37
Q

Fowl typhoid main features

A

septicaemia

• before the septicaemia intestinal lesions may occur!

38
Q

Salmonellosis in birds

A 
Main feature of the disease:
– either enteral disease only
– or septicaemia
– or both forms occur simultaneously
– or inapparent infection with shedding of bacteria
39
Q

causes the most often diagnosed human salmonellosis

A

S. enteritidis

40
Q

Arizonosis

A

Salmonella arizonae

Reptiles and turkey

41
Q

Fowl cholera

A

Pasteurella multocida

all birds but most sensitive = turkey

42
Q

Acute fowl cholera

A 
virulent strains of Pasteurella multocida
Septicemia
hepatitis-necrotic foci
petechia under epicardium
splenitis
catarrhal enteritis
43
Q

Chronic fowl cholera

A

less virulent strains of Pasteurella multocida
predisposing factors are needed
• one organ or one organ-system is affected
(inflammation)
• septicaemia: rare

lungs and air sacs are infected directly
– via aerogenous route
• pericardium, peritoneum, ovary/oviduct 
– via bacteriaemia
• ovary/oviduct via ascending route 
– through the cloaca
• phallus directly from the environment 
– from the cloaca
44
Q

Campylobacter-hepatitis

A 
Campylobacter jejuni
 septicaemia
– liver lesions are secondary 
layer flocks only
during the first trimester 
 Predisposing factors are needed 
– intestinal coccidiosis
– litter ingestion
– mycotoxin contaminated feed
– start of the egg laying
45
Q

Borreliosis

A

fowl tick is a biological vector

septicaemia

46
Q

Yersiniosis

A

pseudotuberculosis, rodentiosis
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
septicaemia

47
Q

Chlamydiosis

A

psittacosis
– ornithosis
septicaemia

Poultry lectures (1 decks)

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