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Anaesthesiology > Lectures > Flashcards

Lectures Flashcards

1
Q

What ASA physical status score would you give to a normal healthy patient?

A

ASA physical status 1

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2
Q

What ASA physical status score would you give to a patient with mild systemic disease?

A

ASA physical status 2

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3
Q

What ASA physical status score would you give to a patient with severe systemic disease?

A

ASA physical status 3

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4
Q

What ASA physical status score would you give to a patient with severe systemic disease that
is a constant threat to life?

A

ASA physical status 4

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5
Q

What ASA physical status score would you give to a moribund patient who is not expected to
survive without the operation?

A

ASA physical status 5

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6
Q

What are the 5 phases of anaesthetising a patient?

A
  1. Preanaesthetic assessment and preparation
  2. Premedication
  3. Induction
  4. Maintenence
  5. Recovery
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7
Q

Why is preanaesthetic fasting important?

A

Reduces the risk of vomiting/regurgitation with subsequent aspiration or reflux oesophagitis.
It also reduces the weight of the GIT, reducing respiratory stress in dorsal recumbency.

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8
Q

What is usually kept in an induction tray?

A

ET tube, Dry swab, Eye lube, Tie, Laryngoscope,Tape for Doppler, Heparinized saline, Premed and induction
agents

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9
Q

Tidal volume is…

A

The volume of one expired breath

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10
Q

Minute volume is…

A

The volume of expired gas over one minute

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11
Q

Does a rebreathing or non-rebreathing system have a higher circuit resistance?

A

Rebreathing - due to one way valves and CO2 absorbent canister

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12
Q

What is the significance of ‘dead space’ in anaesthetics?

A

Will cause rebreathing of exhaled CO2 - may lead to excess CO2 (acidosis and dilution of 02 and anaesthetic)

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13
Q

How to prevent CO2 rebreathing?

A

Minimise dead space, high fresh gas flow, CO2 absorbent, one way valves.

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14
Q

Circuit resistance is affected by…

A

Diameter of tubes, one way valves, CO2 absorber unit, turbulent flow

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15
Q

Why is high fresh gas flow important in a non-rebreathing circuit?

A

To reduce CO2 rebreathing and continue to supply oxygen and anaesthetic to the patient

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16
Q

How much fresh gas flow is required in a non-rebreathing system to prevent rebreathing?

A

2-3x MV - usually about 300-500ml/kg/min

17
Q

What are examples of non-rebreathing circuits?

A

Bain and T-piece

18
Q

What is the typical fresh gas flow rate of a rebreathing system?

A

30ml/kg/hr

19
Q

Why can’t you use a rebreathing system in small patients?

A

They cannot cope with the high circuit resistance

20
Q

What are the benefits of a rebreathing system?

A

Lower fresh gas flow rate needed, recycling of lefterover anaesthetic and O2 (less wastage), CO2 absorbent and one way valve avoid rebreathing

21
Q

What are the risks of a closed system?

A

Hypercapnea, barotrauma, slow change in anaesthesia concentration, CO2/anaesthesia compound accumulation

22
Q

In what weight range would you use a non-rebreathing system?

A

> 7kg

23
Q

Name some hepatotoxic drugs

A

Halothane, Carprofen, oral diazapam in cats

24
Q

How can you monitor arterial blood pressure?

A

Doppler, oscillometric, direct arterial catheterisation

25
Q

What are the benefits of fluid therapy?

A

Volume replacement, maintenance requirements, acid base balance, electrolyte balance, colloid replacement, improved oxygen carrying capacity

26
Q

What is a dog’s blood volume?

A

8% of its body weight

27
Q

What is a cat’s blood volume?

A

6% of its body weight

28
Q

What is the average fluid requirement for an anaesthetised animal?

A

5-10ml/kg/hr

29
Q

How would you treat vagally mediated bradycardia?

A

Give anticholinergics (atropine/glycopyrrrolate)

30
Q

What drugs can you give to improve contractility?

A

Positive ionotropes - Beta1 adrenergic receptor agonists (dopamine, dobutamine, ephedrine)

31
Q

The class of drugs that block parasympathetic stimulation by inhibition of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors is…

A

Anticholinergics (atropine)

32
Q

What can be used to reverse benzodiazepines?

A

Flumazenil

33
Q

What is naloxone used for?

A

Opiod antagonist

34
Q

In what dog breed should you avoid the use of thiopentone?

A

Sighthounds - lack enzyme necessary to metabolise (prolonged and rough recovery)

35
Q

What is the MAC of Halothane?

A

0.8

36
Q

What is the MAC of isoflurane?

A

1.3

37
Q

What is the MAC of sevoflurane?

A

2.4

38
Q

What is the MAC of Nitrous oxide?

A

200

39
Q

What are physiological signs of pain?

A

Increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate, increased blood pressure, pale mucous membranes, dilated pupils, salivation

Anaesthesiology (2 decks)

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