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Histology Lecture 4/5 > Lectures 4 and 5 > Flashcards

Lectures 4 and 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an epithelial junction?

A

How the epithelial cells attach to other cells, typically along the lateral border

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2
Q

How are epithelial junctions classified?

A

By their function

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of epithelial junctions?

A

Tight junctions, cytoskeletal linked junctions, and gap junctions

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4
Q

Describe tight junctions.

A

Connect the luminal surface and seal neighboring cells, forming a cicumferential belt. (like the plastic around a 6 pack of cans)

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5
Q

Describe cytoskeletal linked junctions.

A

bind cells together and to the basal lamina

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of cytoskeletal linked junctions?

A

Adherent junctions, desmosomes (macul adherens), and hemidesmosome

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7
Q

Describe adherent junctions.

A

forms a continuous adhesion belt near the apical surface, right below the tight junction

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8
Q

Which types of epithelial junctions form continuous loops around cells?

A

tight and adherent

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9
Q

What are cadherins?

A

plasma proteins that interact in the narrow space of an adherent juncion

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10
Q

What anchors proteins in adherent junctions?

A

intermediate filaments

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11
Q

What do the tight junction and adherent junction form together?

A

terminal bar

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12
Q

Describe desmosomes (macula adherens).

A

They do not encircle the cell, more of a “spot weld,” they have extracellular filaments that span further to anchor the membranes, and they don’t have to be near the lateral luminal surface

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13
Q

Which junction is the strongest?

A

desmosomes

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14
Q

Describe hemidesmosomes.

A

half a desmosome used to anchor to the basal lamina

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15
Q

Describe gap junctions.

A

Closely related membranes, but not fused, allowing low resistance channel of electrical and chemical communication

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16
Q

What are the two apical border modifications?

A

microvilli and cilia

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17
Q

What are finger-like projections on the cell surface?

A

microvilli

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18
Q

What are hair-like projections on the cell surface?

A

cilia

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19
Q

List the characteristics of microvilli.

A

actin filaments, short, numerous, increase surface area in absorptive epithelia, called the brush border or striated border, can be branched (uncommon, only in male repro tract)

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20
Q

List the characteristics of cilia.

A

bundled microtubules, bigger, stronger, used for movement, parallel so they can beat together and move fluid over the surface, found in respiratory and repro tracts

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21
Q

True or False:

Cells are commonly compartmentalized due to its surroundings, parts of the cell are only in one area.

A

true

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22
Q

Epithelial junctions: cell to cell direct contact

A

tight junctions

23
Q

Epithelial junctions: junction with some filaments

A

adherent junctions

24
Q

Epithelial junctions: junction with many, crossing filaments

A

desmosome

25
Q

Epithelial junctions: junction that gets really close, but doesn’t actually touch

A

gap junction

26
Q

Which junction types are found near the apical surface?

A

tight and adherent

27
Q

Which junction appears really dark?

A

desmosome

28
Q

Epithelial junctions: junction that is half crossing filaments, found on basal surface

A

hemidesomosome

29
Q

What are specialized epithelial cells modified into secretory structures that produces a variety of products for extracellular use?

A

glands

30
Q

What are the 2 ways to classify glands?

A

by the number of cells and the relationship to surround tissue

31
Q

What are 2 ways to classify number of cells?

A

unicellular and multicellular

32
Q

Describe unicellular glands

A

single secretory cell located in a non-secretory epithelium, scattered throught

33
Q

What is the most common unicellular gland?

A

goblet cells

34
Q

Where are goblet cells commonly found?

A

respiratory and GI tracts-they commonly secrete mucopolysaccharides

35
Q

Describe multicellular glands

A

an accumulation of specialized secretory cells, most glands will be this type

36
Q

What are the 2 relationships to surrounding tissue classifications?

A

endocrine glands and exocrine glands

37
Q

Describe endocrine glands.

A

DUCTLESS glands, dense vascular network, may have irregular clumps of cells, or cords of cells, or hollow follicles

38
Q

Describe exocrine glands.

A

DUCTS, maintain a communication, many different ways to classify

39
Q

What are the 3 ways to classify exocrine glands?

A

morphology, type of secretion, mode of secretion

40
Q

What are the 2 different types of morphology?

A

simple and compound

41
Q

What morphology has ducts that don’t branch?

A

simple-usually microscopic and found within an organ

42
Q

What morphology has ducts that branch elaborately?

A

compound-usually discrete anatomic structures or organs themesleves

43
Q

What are the 4 types of secretion?

A

serous, mucous, mixed, and lipid

44
Q

Which type of secretion has watery secretion, stains relatively dark, nuclei are rounded near the base, apex is filled with secretory granules?

A

serous

45
Q

Which type of secretion has viscous secretion, nuclei flattened near the base, stains lightly?

A

mucous

46
Q

Which type of secretion has a combination of serous and mucous secretions?

A

mixed

47
Q

Which type of secretion has a lipid secretion?

A

lipid

48
Q

Which type of lipid secretions appears white with nuclei pushed to the edge of the cell?

A

common adipocyte

49
Q

Which type of lipid secretion appears as little white spots inside a fuscia stained cell?

A

multilocular

50
Q

What are the 4 modes of secretion?

A

merocrine, apocrine, holocrine, and cytocrine

51
Q

Describe merocrine secretion.

A

loses secretory product only by exocytosis, MOST COMMON

52
Q

Describe apocrine secretion.

A

apical portion of the cell is lost, membrane bound droplets and thin rims of cytoplasm and plasma membrane is released

53
Q

Describe holocrine secretion.

A

entire cell lost, extruded and constitutes the secretory product

54
Q

Describe cytocrine secretion.

A

transfer the secretory product to another cell or sheds the whole viable cells

Histology Lecture 4/5 (1 decks)

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