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Cellular Basis Of Learning And Memory > Lectures 4 & 5 > Flashcards

Lectures 4 & 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of declarative memory?

A

Semantic and Episodic

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2
Q

Does the hippocampus receive and information directly from the outside world?

A

Nope, it all comes from the entorhinal cortex

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3
Q

Describe the pathway of the trisynaptic circuit

A

Entorhinal cortex to Dentate Gyrus via Perforant Path
Dentate Gyrus to CA3 Pyramidal Cells via Mossy fibers
CA3 pyramidal Cells to CA1 pyramidal cells via Schaffer Collaterals

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4
Q

Describe the set up for measuring LTP

A

Place a stimulating electrode on a pathway and a reading electrode on it’s end point in the extracellular space. Release a weak stim via theta bursts to get a baseline of reaction. Then release a STRONG stim via theta burst. Then test the same weak stim as you did during baseline to see the increase in synaptic activity

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5
Q

If the cell is achieving activation, what would we expect the extracellular charge to become?

A

Far less positive

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6
Q

What is the artifact caused by?

A

The sound of activation the machine

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7
Q

What is the fiber volley caused by?

A

Stimulation

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8
Q

The steeper the slope the ____ the cell activation

A

Greater

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9
Q

What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

A

Molecules synthesized and secreted by neurons and glial cells

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10
Q

What does the Post-Synaptic Density do?

A

Help bind the pre and post-synaptic neuron AND to position signaling molecules near glutamate receptors so that they can be activated and lead to long term change

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11
Q

What does the PSD contain?

A

Glutamate receptors, ion channels, signaling enzymes, and scaffolding proteins

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12
Q

What is an important scaffolding protein?

A

PSD-95

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13
Q

Besides PSD-95, what are some important proteins in the synapse?

A
  • actin (provides scaffolding)
  • functional proteins (enzymes that catalyze reactions and modify other proteins)
  • endosomes (move receptors in and out of membrane)
  • ribosomes (important for translating new protein)
  • smooth ER (sequester and release calcium)
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14
Q

What kind of synapses are the main driver of LTP?

A

Excitatory synapses (glutamate receptors)

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15
Q

What does LTP represent?

A

An increase in synaptic strength (the amount of postsynaptic depolarization produced by the stimulus)

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16
Q

LTP is viewed as a Cellular Hallmark of ___ ____

A

Synaptic Plasticity

17
Q

What does PSD-95 do?

A

Stabilize glutamate receptors to a region

18
Q

Increases in PSD-95 could mean what?

A

More plasticity

19
Q

What are the 4 stages of LTP?

A

Generation, stabilization, consolidation, maintenance

20
Q

An increase in what can support LTP expression?

A

AMPA receptors

21
Q

How would you test to see if NMDA is important to induction but not important for LTP?

A

Use an NMDA antagonist and see if induction and LTP occurs

22
Q

What happens if you apply an NMDA antagonist right before stimulus?

A

No LTP AND no induction

23
Q

What happens if you apply an NMDA antagonist after 30 minutes of a stimulus?

A

LTP still occurs

24
Q

What must PHYSICALLY happen to the NMDA receptor to induce LTP?

A

The magnesium block must be removed

25
Q

Expression of LTP involves an increase in AMPA receptors in the region of ____

A

PSD

26
Q

How can you enhance the response of LTP using AMPA receptors? (Hint: 2 ways)

A

Make AMPA receptors stay open longer and increase the number of AMPA receptors in the dendritic spine

27
Q

What are the two main processes the post-translational process mediated signaling cascades causes?

A

AMPA receptors are rapidly delivered to the PSD
Actin cytoskeleton is degraded temporarily so it can be rebuilt stronger and bigger

28
Q

Does the traffic of AMPA receptors in and out of the spines happen at all times?

A

Yup

29
Q

Where are AMPA receptors located?

A

Surface of dendritic spine and intracellular space of dendritic spine

30
Q

How do AMPA receptors get recycled?

A

Proteins in the endocytotic zone perform Endocytosis and munch them inside the dendritic spine

31
Q

What are the 3 steps of the constitutive process that deliver AMPA receptors to the membrane?

A
  • intracellular vesicles w/ AMPA receptors (endosomes) are mobilized to deliver them in a region near the PSD
  • the receptors diffuse into membrane to enter the PSD
  • some receptors are trapped and others leave PSD to be recycled again
32
Q

AMPA receptors contain THIS type of subunit under resting and basal conditions

A

GluA2 subunits

33
Q

AMPA receptors contain THIS type of subunit under LTP

A

GluA1

34
Q

What makes GluA1 special?

A

3 phosphorylation sites (Ser 818, Ser 831, Ser 845)

Cellular Basis Of Learning And Memory (6 decks)

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