Lectures 30 +31 Learning Objectives (Park)

Question 1

Explain the physiologial role of inflammation

Answer 1

It is a response to infection or noxious stimuli like injuries. It helps eliminate harmful agents like microbes and toxins and necrotic cells. Inflammation is the first step to the healing process.

Necrotic cells are cells that have died due to necrosis.

Question 2

Identify the characteristics of acute inflammations.

Answer 2

Acute inflammations have rapid onset and short duration. It goes through exudation which is an accumulation of fluid and plasma proteins. Neutrophils rapidly show up at the scene.
There are TNF (tumor necrosis factor), IL-1 (interleukin-1), and chemokines
Signs of acute inflammation are heat, redness, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
There are two components of inflammations which include the vascular stage and cellular stage.

Neutrophils fight bad stuff and boost cell health

Question 3

Identify the characteristics of chronic inflammations.

Answer 3

Gradual onset and longer duration.
Inflammatory cells causes tissue destruction.
Causes vascular proliferation and fibrosis which is scarring.
Lymphocytes and macrophages are present.
Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by T cells and interleukin-12 (IL-12) by macrophages

Question 4

List the events occurring during the acute inflammatory response.

Answer 4

1. Phagocytes in tissues recognize bad agents and release chemical mediators of inflammation
2. Chemical mediators cause vasdialtion and increase permability to the vicinity
3. Plasma and ciculating leukocytes diffuse to the location of the offending agents. (Leukocyte recruitment)
4. Activated leukocutes removed the offending agents by phagocytosis
5. Leukocytes produce signaling molecules that suppress inflammation (lipoxins)
6. The damaged cell is repaired (cell proliferation)

Question 5

Distinguish vascular and cellular stages of the acute inflammatory response.