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Biochemistry Exam II > Lectures 15-16: Lipid and Cell Membrane Structure > Flashcards

Lectures 15-16: Lipid and Cell Membrane Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the basics of the structure of a fatty acid?

A

Hydrocarbon+carboxyl

Primary HYDROPHIBIC determinant

can be saturated or unsaturated (double bond)

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2
Q

Describe a fatty acid who melts at a lower boiling point and is not very flexible

A

Unsaturated

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3
Q

What is the relationship between the length of a fatty acid and the temperature at which it melts?

A

Proportional: Shorter fatty acids melt at lower temperature

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4
Q

Describe all of the necessary components that are needed in order to name a fatty acid

A
  1. need to know if it is cis or trans
  2. need to know if there are any double bonds in the molecule and what carbons they are between
  3. the number of the hydrocarbon chain
  4. level of saturation
  5. what functional groups are in the fatty acid
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5
Q

If you have a fatty acid that is deprotonated, what will the suffix of that molecule be?

A

-oate

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6
Q

How many carbons and double bonds is in stearate?

A

18:0

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7
Q

How many carbons and double bonds is in Oleate?

A

18:1

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8
Q

How many carbons and double bonds is in Linoleate?

A

18:2

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9
Q

How many carbons and double bonds is in Linolenate?

A

18:3

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10
Q

How do you tell the difference between Omega 3 fatty acids and Omega 6 fatty acids?

A

By where the double bonds are positioned in the molecule

3 vs. 6

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11
Q

List the Omega 3 fatty acids

A 
Linolenic Acid 
Stearidonic Acid 
Docosapentaenoic Acid 
Eicosapentaenoic Acid 
Docosahexaenoic Acid
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12
Q

Define ALA

A

Linolenic Acid (18:3)

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13
Q

Define SDA

A

Stearidonic Acid (18:4)

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14
Q

Define DPA

A

Docosapentaenoic Acid (22:5)

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15
Q

Define EPA

A

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (20:5)

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16
Q

Define DHA

A

Docosahexaenoic Acid (22:6)

17
Q

Define LA

A

Linoleic Acid (18:2)

18
Q

Define AA

A

Archidonic Acid (20:4)

19
Q

What are the two omega acids that cannot be synthesized by humans?

A

LA (18:2/w6)

ALA (18:3/w3)

20
Q

What are the two fatty acids that ALA can be converted into? (inefficiently)?

A

EPA( 20:5/w3)

DHA (22:6/w3)

21
Q

Why are omega fatty acids important?

A
  • Used in the cell membrane and other important lipids
  • are a common energy source
  • promote good health via CV
22
Q

Describe triacylglycerols

A

have 2 parts, polar head of glycerol and hydrophobic tail that is made up of 3 fatty acid chains

23
Q

Describe waxes

A

They have a polar head of alcohol and a hydrophobic tail made up of fatty acids chains

24
Q

What are the 3 categories of cell lipid membranes?

A
  1. phospholipids
  2. glycolipids
  3. cholesterol
25
Q

Describe the structure and function of glycerophospholipids

A

make up the majority of the cell membranes; include a hydrophilic group, a phosphate, glycerol, and fatty acids

26
Q

What are the common alcohols that are added to glycerophospholipids?

  1. amino acid
  2. sugar alcohols
  3. organics
A
  1. serine
  2. inositol, glycerol
  3. ethanol amine, choline
27
Q

Describe sphingomyelin

A

fatty acid attached to an amine

28
Q

Why are glycoshingolipids important?

A

ABO blood type antigens

cell signaling

29
Q

Describe carbohydrates in the membrane

A

they “decorate” lipids and proteins but are only on the surface, and not in contact with the cytosol at all

30
Q

Describe integral membrane proteins

A

have hydrophobic amino acids that can create a hydrophobic environment; they span the bilayer

They can insert via cotranslational insertion, which involves a ribosome and a translocon channel that is able to insert and fold the protein into the membrane

31
Q

Describe peripheral proteins

A

span only PART of the lipid bilayer and their anchors are hydrophobic

soluble proteins are able to associate with the membrane IF the hydrophobic groups are attached to the proteins

32
Q

What are the functions of membrane proteins ?

A
  1. receive external signals
  2. transmit in
  3. transmit to another cell
  4. let solutes pass
  5. determine the thickness and rigidity
33
Q

Describe the concept of lateral diffusion as it relates to membrane proteins

A

The membrane proteins are always in lateral motion, the fluid mosaic model allows lateral movement but no rotation, so she’s always hula dancing almost

34
Q

Compare the rigidity between human and bacteria membranes

A

in bacteria, the rigidity is determined by the fatty acid composition

in humans its all about the cholesterol (can combine to make lipid rafts)

Biochemistry Exam II (10 decks)

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