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LF104 - Molecules, Cells and organisms > Lectures 1 - The key molecules of life > Flashcards

Lectures 1 - The key molecules of life Flashcards

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Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What type of organisms are prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria

Archaea

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2
Q

What type of organisms are eukaryotic?

A

Fungus

Animal

Plants

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3
Q

What are sugars and what is their function in cells and organisms?

A

Polysaccharides

Energy source, making nucleotides and forming polysaccharides

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4
Q

What is the molecular formula for monosaccarides?

A

(CH2O)n

where n = 3 or more

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5
Q

What cause the differences between alpha and beta glucose?

A

Differ due to mutation

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6
Q

What form do a- and B- glucose chains interchange by?

A

Linear form

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7
Q

What is glycogen?

A

Multibranched a-glucose

Polysaccharide

Energy storage in animals, fungi, bacteria (universal)

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8
Q

What is cellulose?

A

B-glucose molecules linked to form fibres

Give structured cell walls in plants

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9
Q

What is the function of fatty acids in the cell and organism?

A

Energy - fatty acids

Structure - membranes

Action (catalysis, communication)

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10
Q

What is a lipid?

A

Water insoluble molecule that is soluble in organic solvents

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11
Q

What is the structure of a fatty acid?

A

Carboxylic acid group one end

Methyl group the other end

Long aliphatic chain (saturated or unsaturated)

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12
Q

What is the difference in the appearance and structure of a saturated and unsaturated fatty acid?

A

Saturated: no double carbon bond - straight

Unsaturated: double carbon bond - kinked

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13
Q

How many common amino acids are there?

A

20

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14
Q

What is the standard structure of an amino acid?

A

Central alpha carbon
Basic amino group (NH2)
Acidic carboxylic group (COOH)
Hydrogen
Side chain - R group

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15
Q

What is the common charge of an amino acid when in the correct pH?

A

Positively charged

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16
Q

What is another phrase for hydrophilic and hydrophobic?

A

Hydrophilic: water-loving

Hydrophobic: water-fearing

17
Q

What is polarity when referring to macromolecules?

A

A sense of direction

18
Q

What is the polarity in proteins?

A

Read from amino to carboxyl

N terminus to C terminus

19
Q

What are chaperones when associated with proteins?

A

Making sure other proteins can fold properly, action molecules

20
Q

What are the functions of nucleotides in cells and organisms?

A

Action and storing genetic information

21
Q

What is the polarity in nucleotides?

A

ready from 5’ to 3’

22
Q

What are the 3 main domains of life?

A

Bacteria

Archaea

Eukaryotes

23
Q

When was there estimated to be a common evolutionary ancestor between all organisms?

A

3.5-3.8 billion years ago

LF104 - Molecules, Cells and organisms (12 decks)

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