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Historic medias > Lectures 1-8 > Flashcards

Lectures 1-8 Flashcards

1
Q

Who created ‘la gazette’ and when ?

A

Théophraste Renaudot in 1631

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2
Q

What newspaper was first printed in 1863?

A

Le Petit Journal

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3
Q

Which 3 facets of the press overlap?

A

general information, various facts, opinion press

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4
Q

When was the golden age?

A

the end of the 19th century to the end of the First World War

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5
Q

When did the National Assembly proclaims freedom of the press?

A

1789

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6
Q

Name a weekly newspaper in 1600s

A

Le Journal des Savants (1655)

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7
Q

Name a monthly newspaper in 1600s

A

Mercure Galant (1672)

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8
Q

When did the second empire end?

A

4 september 1870

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9
Q

The press between 1630-1870 is marked by:

A
  • an artisanal character
  • low readership
  • little independence from political authorities
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10
Q

Why was the press easier to access from 1830s?

A

printing is faster and cheaper thanks to the advances of techincal

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11
Q

The 4 big newspapers in 19th century

A
  • Le Petit Journal
  • Le Petit Parisien
  • Le Matin
  • Le Journal
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12
Q

When was the most rapid evolution of the press?

A

1880-1889

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13
Q

What was the first daily newspaper to become popular in france?

A

Le Petit Journal

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14
Q

Describe the 1881 law that protected the press from administrative menaces

A

Law drafted between February 1879 and January 1881

Complete release of printing and bookseller – nothing can be anonymous

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15
Q

Who chaired the 1881 law that protected the press?

A

Émile de Girardin

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16
Q

When was the press officially launched and by who?

A

Émile de Girardin in 1836

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17
Q

Who created the Petit Journal and when?

A

Moïse Millaud in 1863

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18
Q

How did Émile de Girardin intend to catch the attention of a wider readership?

A
  • Prominence given to advertising
  • New Entertainment Topics
  • lower prices
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19
Q

How much did Le Petit Journal sell for ?

A

1 sou

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20
Q

How many daily newspapers were there in 1812?

A

4

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21
Q

How many daily newspapers were there in 1832?

A

32

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22
Q

How many daily newspapers were there in 1870

A

100

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23
Q

When was a union created for journalists created?

A

1918

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24
Q

When was there a shift in the style of reporting

A

1870s

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25
Q

How was the war presented in the press?

A

the war was presented in an optimistic way - bourrage de crâne

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26
Q

Give 3 Economic and political changes to the press during the war

A
  • Supply and cost of raw materials issue
  • Creation of the group of economic interests of the press it is decided to increase 6 to 4 pages the publications
  • Decrease in advertising resources
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27
Q

What British newspaper was ‘Paris Soir’ inspired by?

A

The daily express

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28
Q

When did the television press appear?

A

1950s

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29
Q

What challenges did the press face between the 2 wars?

A

unstable market, competition, economic challenges

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30
Q

What caused an unstable economic situation between ww1 and WW2

A
  • France struggling to recover from war
  • Supply and cost of raw materials issues
  • Modernization of manufacturing techniques with high cost
  • Tough competition between securities and types of securities
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31
Q

How did the press adapt to economic difficulties between ww1 and ww2

A
  • Introduce new technologies
  • More announcements
  • More illustrations / photographs = attract the reader
32
Q

When did censorship of the press return ?

A

1939

33
Q

What were the 2 types of press during ww2?

A

The official press and the underground press (clandestine)

34
Q

How was the media reshaped as of 1944?

A
  • Authorization of publications to newspapers scuttled or suspended at the beginning of the meeting
  • Guarantees for the independence of press companies
35
Q

What is the PQN

A

Presse quotidienne nationale française

36
Q

What was the PQN replaced by ?

A

Presse quotidienne regionale française

37
Q

When did website newspapers begin to appear?

A

1990s

38
Q

When was the online press editor status created?

A

2009

39
Q

When was Radio Tour Eiffel’s first broadcast ?

A

1921

40
Q

When was Radiola launched

A

1922

41
Q

What was created to stabilise the financing of radio stations

A

A levy in 1933

42
Q

What year was Pétain’s announcement of the armistice with Germany

A

1940

43
Q

How was BBC radio used during ww2?

A

used to transmit coded messages to the resistance but also to support the morale of the French with entertainment programs (“Les Français parle aux Français”)

44
Q

How was Radio Paris used in ww2?

A

in the occupied zone, broadcasting German propaganda

45
Q

When was the RDF created?

A

1944

46
Q

What is the RDF?

A

Radiodiffusion Française

47
Q

What condition was the radio in after the war?

A

the broadcasting network is in poor condition: destruction, sabotage state monopoly, private radio stations are nationalized by withdrawing all concessions granted before the war

48
Q

What is the RTF?

A

Radiodiffusion télévision Française

49
Q

When did the RDF become the RTF?

A

1949

50
Q

When did the RTF gain public status ?

A

1959

51
Q

What happened on 27 June 1964

A

Birth of ORTF (Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française)

52
Q

When does radio Belgium become a success

A

1933

53
Q

When is RMC created and what is it?

A

Radio Monte Carlo is created in 1942

54
Q

What was the La Guerre des ondes?

A

la radio devient une arme stratégique durant la 2nde GM: Radio Londres et Radio Paris

55
Q

Who first launched news on a private radio Station?

A

Europe no1

56
Q

Which major event in the 60s was covered by the radio?

A

Guerre d’Algerie en mai 68

57
Q

The radio was in partnership with what in 1965?

A

Institut de sondage pour l’élection de 1965 : « fourchette d’estimation »

58
Q

Why was the radio attractive for young people?

A

It was accessible and had content aimed that them that television had not yet created

59
Q

Which 2 major radio stations covered the 1968 war in Algeria?

A

Europe no1 et RTL

60
Q

What was the ORTF renamed during the Algerian War?

A

la voix de son maître

61
Q

When were pirate radio stations developped?

A

The 70s

62
Q

Why were pirate radio stations illegal?

A

elles émettent sans autorisation en utilisation des fréquences de la bande FM

63
Q

Name 1 english and 1 french pirate radio station

A

Radio Caroline (Angleterre) Lorraine Cœur d’Acier (France)

64
Q

When did the ORTF breakdown?

A

1974

65
Q

What radio stations were created in 1974?

A

TF1, Antenne 2, FR3 et Radio France + Télévision France (TDF) et l’INA

66
Q

What happened on 9 November 1981

A

les radios libres ont l’autorisation d’émettre à condition qu’elles ne se constituent pas en réseau et qu’elles ne diffusent pas de publicité  les radios pirates subissent puisque la réglementation ne permet pas réellement aux radios libres s’être viables

67
Q

Which president promised liberalization?

A

Francois Mitterand

68
Q

When was the Haute Authorité de la communication Audiovisuelle created?

A

1982

69
Q

When could commerical radio stations start advertising?

A

1984

70
Q

What group was created in 1989?

A

Conseil Supérieur de l’Audiovisuel (CSA)

71
Q

How many hours of radio were broadcasted per week in 1939?

A

15

72
Q

What were the 4 missions of the ORTF?

A

Informer, éduquer, distraire, cultiver

73
Q

What happened on 29 juillet 1982?

A

fin du monopole public de programmation à la radio et à la télévision : libéralisation du marché de l’audiovisuel français

74
Q

What film and television company was launched in 1984?

A

Canal+

75
Q

Which radio station was privatised in 1986?

A

TF1

Historic medias (1 decks)

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