Lectures 1-5 Flashcards
When was the term ‘avant garde’ first used and by who?
Saint Simon first used the term in 1852
When was the double revolution in France?
La période entre la révolution politique commençant en 1789 et la révolution industrielle
What were indicators of modernity?
Usine vs campagne
Beauté du carburateur
Monet vs Gérôme
What did the war cause?
Fin de l’ère de l’individu et productions culturelles massives
When was the ‘loi de la liberté de la presse’ introduced and by who?
Eugène Lisbonne on 29th July 1881
What does the ‘loi de la liberté de la presse’ do?
Protect all journalists
What years were the era of information and mechanics?
1870-1890
What 2 art movements were popular between 1870-1890?
Impressionism and art nouveau
What happened in 1882?
Mass alphabetisation
When was relativity discovered?
1905
Political groups in 1890-1910
Socialism and SFIO
What is the SFIO?
Section françiase de l’internationale ouvrière
Between what years were abstract art and cubism popular?
1890-1910
When was the Bolshevik revolution?
1917
When was ww1?
1914-1918
What was a catalytic factor for the start of ww1?
The assassination of Franz Ferdinand in june 1914
When was the term ‘impressionism’ first used and by who?
Louis Leroy in 1874
In what context was the term ‘impressionism’ first used ?
It was used in reference to Monet’s ‘Impression, soleil levant’ (1872)
What was at the heart of impressionism?
Academic rejection
Name 4 impressonist painters
Edouard Manet
Claude Monet
Gustave Caillebotte
Pierre Auguste Renoir
When was Edouard Manet born and when did he die?
1832-1883
What impressionist artist was born in 1840 and died in 1926?
Claude Monet
Gustave Caillebotte was alive between what years?
1848 and 1894
When was Pierre Auguste Renoir born and when did he die?
1841 to 1926
Give 3 characteristics of impressionist art
- Aspects of daily life
- Scenes and objects seen as vulgar such as naked women
- Fleeting moments
What was the salon system between 1863 and 1903
1.Salon des Refusés 1863
2.Sociéte anonyme des artistes, peintures, sculptures, gravuers est créée en 1873
3.L’exhibition impressioniste 1874
4.Salon des indépendantes 1884
5.Le Salon d’Autonome 1903
Why was impressionist art rejected during the second empire?
It wasn’t seen as traditional and often reflected areas of life that were vulgar
When and why was the Eiffel tower constructed?
It was built in 1889 for the Exposition Universelle
Who was Baron Haussmann?
le préfet de la Seine entre 1853 et 1870
How many people lived in Paris in 1861?
1.7 million
How many people lived in Paris in 1911?
3 Million
In which years were the most important expositions universelles?
1878, 1889, 1900
What were the motivations of Haussmannisation?
Hygiène, economie and politiques
What epidemic took over Paris during 1800s
Choléra
Who was Charles Renouvier, what did he does and when was he alive?
Né en 1815 et mort en 1903, il était un philosophe qui fonde le néo-criticisme et créé le terme “uchronie”
When was the French national anthem written and by who?
La Marseillaise était écrit en 1792 par Claude Joseph rouget de Lisle
What are the 2 ‘lois scolaires de Jules Ferry?
16 juin 1881: l’école gratuite
28 mars 1882 : sécularisation de l’éducation et obligation de l’enseignement primaire
Who is ‘La Marianne’?
La Marianne est une figure symbolique de la République française
Give 3 symbolic measures of the 3rd republic
The National Anthem
Bastille Day - 14 juillet (reprend la fête de la Fédértion de 1790) en 1880
Amnistie pour les condamnés de la Commune (1879)
What does ‘La Marianne’ represent?
la République française et ses valeurs contenues dans la devise : « Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité »
When and who painted La liberté guidant le peuple, 1830’ ?
Eugène Delacroix - 28 juillet 1830
Where are the 2 statues of La Marianne in Paris?
Place de la République (11ème arrondissement) – 1883
Place de la Nation (à la frontière entre le 11ème et le 12ème arrondissement) – 1899
What does the statue of La Marianne in Place de la Nation represent?
La statue représente le travail, la force publique, l’équité et la liberté
What was the Dreyfus affair?
Jewish army captain Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of sending secret messages to the German military
When was Alfred Dreyfus born?
9 October 1859
What date did Dreyfus’ ‘mock trial’ take place on ?
5 January 1895
How many soldiers and spectators watches Dreyfus’ trial?
4000 soldiers and 20,000 spectators
Who discovered the real culprit of what Dreyfus had been accused of doing?
Lieutenant Colonel Georges Picard
Who was the real culprit of sending messages to the Germans in the Dreyfus affair?
French commander Esterhazy
What did the French army do when they found out Dreyfus was innocent and why?
They categorically refused to acknowledge it because of anti-semitism
Name 4 Dreyfusards
Zola
Anatole France
Georges Clemenceau
Léon Blum
When did Émile Zola publish ‘j’accuse’?
13 Janvier 1898
How many people read Zola’s ‘j’accuse’ in the first 24 hours 3
300,000
What year was Dreyfus deported and to where?
In 1895, he was deported to Devil’s Island in Guyana
When was ‘La ligue des droits de l’homme’ created?
February 1898
When was Dreyfus’ second trial and where?
1899 in Rennes
When did Émile Zola mysteriously die?
29 september 1902
What year did a vital piece of evidence in the Dreyfus case get found?
In August 1898, a document that supposedly turned out to prove Dreyfus’ guilt was found to be forged
What year was Dreyfus’ innocence definitively recognised?
1906
When was Dreyfus reinstated in the army and what position was he made?
in 1906 he was made a ‘chevalier de la légion d’honneur’
What were the driving factors of anti-dreyfusards?
Anti-semitism and nationalism
Who wrote ‘les preuves : Affaire Dreyfus’ and when was it published?
Jean Jaurès in 1898
What type of students were Dreyfusards and how many were there estimated to be?
40,000 new science, literature and languages students
