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Kinesiology Spring 2021 > Lectures 1-4 > Flashcards

Lectures 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of motion?

A

Translatory (linear displacement)
Rotary (angular)
Curvilinear (plane or planar)

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2
Q

Define Displacement

A

The change in portion over time

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3
Q

Define Kinetics

A

Why motion occurs; an analysis of the forces

“what is causing this movement”

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4
Q

Define Displacement

A

The change in position over time

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5
Q

Describe Translatory Movement

A

moving in a straight line

gliding

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6
Q

Describe gliding in relation to the joints

A

Joints have a very small amount of gliding, and often gliding is assessed as an accessory motion

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7
Q

Segments can move in a linear fashion but are also associated with what type of motion?

A

Rotary

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8
Q

Describe Rotary Movement

A

Movement of a segment around a fixed axis in a curved path though the same angle, at the same time, at a constant distance through the CoR
(Think of a rotary phone!)

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9
Q

Define Center of Rotation (CoR)

A

a fixed axis

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10
Q

T or F: Some body segments move around “truly” fixed axes

A

False
all joint axes shift at least slightly during motion because segments are not sufficiently constrained to produce pure rotation

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11
Q

What is an example of rotary movement (simplified, no joint is truly rotary)

A

Extension of the knee

Each point in the tibia segment moves through the same angle, at the same time, at a constant distance from the CoR

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12
Q

Most joints move in what type of motion?

A

Curvilinear (plane or planar)

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13
Q

Describe Curvilinear motion

A

a combination of rotary and linear motion that produces a curvilinear path about a moving axis (ICoR or IaR)

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14
Q

Joint motion is usually produced by _______ and _______

A

rolling

gliding

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15
Q

When the motion of a segment occurs around an axis, it is performing what type of movement?

A

Rotation

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16
Q

When the motion of a segment is occurring along an axis, It is performing what type of movement?

A

translation

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17
Q

What are the three planes of movement for anatomic position?

A

Transverse
Sagital
Frontal

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18
Q

The axis of motion is always _____________ to the corresponding plane

A

perpendicular

19
Q

All 6 motions combined is called

A

circumduction

20
Q

Flexion and Extension occur in opposite directions around the ________ axis and in the ______ plane

A

coronal

sagittal

21
Q

Abduction and adduction occur in opposite directions around the ________ axis and in the ______ plane

A

anterior-posterior

frontal

22
Q

Medial and lateral rotation occur in opposite directions around the ________ axis and in the ______ plane

A

vertical

transverse

23
Q

The magnitude of rotary motion of a segment can be given in either _______ (US units) or _______ (SI units)

A

degrees

radians

24
Q

Define range of motion

A

the magnitude of rotary motion that a body segment moves through or can move through

25
Q

Displacement per unit time regardless of direction is known as:

A

speed

26
Q

Displacement per unit time in a given direction is know as:

A

velocity

m/sec or deg/sec

27
Q

The change in velocity per unit time is:

A

acceleration

m/sec2 or deg/sec2

28
Q

Force can be measured in ________ or ______

A

Newtons

Pounds

29
Q

What is the definition of a “force”

A

a rush or pull exerted by one object or substance on another

30
Q

What is the formula for calculating force?

A

f=ma

31
Q

Define weight

A

the pull of gravity on an object’s mass with an acceleration of 9.8m/s2

32
Q

what is the formula for calculating weight?

A

W= mass*gravity

33
Q

What are two examples of internal forces that act on and arise from the body’s own structures?

A

the pull of muscles on bone
the pull of ligaments on bone
the push of bone on bone

34
Q

Vector quantities are defined by:

A

Point of application on the object
direction of push or pull
magnitude of force exerted

35
Q

How do we name forces?

A

the source of the force and then the segment that is being acted on

36
Q

What is the CoM (also called CoG)

A

the hypothetical point of application at which all the mass of an object or segment appear to be concentrated

37
Q

The line of gravity (LoG) can also be referred to as the:

A

gravitational vector

38
Q

In anatomic position, the body’s COG is approximately where?

A

anterior to S2

39
Q

How many vertebra are there and how are they divided?

A 
33
7 cervical 
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 fused sacral 
4 coccygeal
40
Q

How many intervertbral discs are there?

A

23

41
Q

What spinal curves are primary? What is their shape?

A

cervical and lumbar

Lordotic

42
Q

What spinal curves are secondary? What is their shape?

A

Thoracic and Sacral

kyphotic

43
Q

What is spondylothisthesis?

A

Fracture of the pars interarticularis

Kinesiology Spring 2021 (4 decks)

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