Lectures 1-4

Question 1

intracellular fluid

Answer 1

fluid inside cells (~67% body fluid)

Question 2

extracellular fluid

Answer 2

body fluid outside cells
1/4 plasma
3/4 interstitial fluid

Question 3

sensory/afferent component

Answer 3

• part of the nervous system that monitors internal and external environment

Question 4

processing component

Answer 4

• part of the nervous system that integrates sensory input

Question 5

efferent/motor component

Answer 5

• part of the nervous system that executes responses to stimuli

Question 6

neuron

Answer 6

• fundamental unit of the nervous system
• composed of dendrites, cell body, and axons

Question 7

glial cells

Answer 7

• non-neuronal cells of the nervous system
• mainly functions in support for neurons

Question 8

astrocytes

Answer 8

• type of glial cell
• “scaffold” neurons
• help establish the blood-brain barrier

Question 9

microglia

Answer 9

• type of glial cell
• immune support for the nervous system

Question 10

oligodendrocytes

Answer 10

• type of glial cells
• creates myelin sheath to insulate axons + improve efficiency/speed of action potential propagation

Question 11

ependymal cells

Answer 11

• type of glial cell
• epithelial cell in the nervous system (ventricles & spinal cord)

Question 12

unipolar neuron

Answer 12

• afferent nervous system
• one dendritic end
• axon terminal synapses on neurons in the CNS

Question 13

multipolar neuron

Answer 13

• multiple dendrites
• central & efferent nervous system
• axons synapse on other neurons or on effector cells

Question 14

intracellular Na+ concentration

Answer 14

15 mM

Question 15

Intracellular K+ concentration

Answer 15

150 mM

Question 16

Extracellular Na+ concentration

Answer 16

145 mM

Question 17

Extracellular K+ concentration

Answer 17

5 mM

Question 18

neuronal resting membrane potential (RMP)

Answer 18

-70 mV

Question 19

excitability

Answer 19

• refers to a cell’s ability to change its membrane potential

Question 20

equilibrium potential

Answer 20

• concentration for a specific ion at which force of the membrane potential is equal in magnitude (but opposite in direction) to the ion’s concentration gradient

Question 21

K+ equilibrium potention

Answer 21

-90mV

Question 22

Na+ equilibrium potential

Answer 22

+60mV

Question 23

action potential

Answer 23

• large, rapid change in membrane potential

Question 24

depolarization

Answer 24

• increase in positive ions in the cell causes membrane potential to become less negative

Question 25

hyperpolarization

Answer 25

• change in membrane potential that causes the cell to become more negative

Question 26

absolute refractory period

Answer 26

• refractory period during the action potential, wherein another action potential cannot be generated

Question 27

relative refractory period

Answer 27

• refractory period during late repolarization
• action potential can be generated, but requires more stimulus and is reduced in magnitude

Question 28

saltatory conduction

Answer 28

• action potential conduction in which the potential “jumps” from one interruption in the myelin coating to the next

Question 29

nodes of ranvier

Answer 29

• areas (in the central nervous system) where the myelin sheath coating axons is interrupted
• facilitates saltatory conduction