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BDS2b Dental Radiology > Lectures 1-4 > Flashcards

Lectures 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types of bitewing radiographs?

A
  1. Horizontal
  2. Vertical
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2
Q

What are the two types of peri apical radiographs?

A
  1. Paralleling
  2. Bisected angle
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3
Q

What are the two types of occlusal radiographs?

A
  1. Maxillary
  2. Mandibular
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4
Q

What are advantages/disadvantages of radiographs?

A
  1. Advantages
    - high spatial resolution (high detail and sharpness of images)
    - minimal superimposition of other anatomy
    - fast exposure
    - low radiation dose per image
  2. Disadvantages
    - limited to imaging of a small area
    - relatively invasive for patient (as equipment is placed in the mouth)
    - relatively difficult technique
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5
Q

What size of receptor is used for anterior periapicals?

A

Size 0

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6
Q

When might a size 0 be used for something other than anterior periapicals?

A

Size 0 May be used for bite wings if a young child is unable to tolerate size 2

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7
Q

What receptor size is used for bite wings and posterior periapicals?

A

Size 2

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8
Q

What receptor size is used for occlusal radiographs?

A

Size 4

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9
Q

What are you aiming to show on a bitewing radiograph?

A
  1. Premolars and molars
  2. Maxillary and mandibular teeth at the same time
  3. Interdental bone
  4. Minimal (if any) overlap of adjacent teeth
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10
Q

What are indications for using bitewings?

A
  1. Detection/monitoring of caries
  2. Assessment of dental restorations
  3. Detection/monitoring of periodontal bone loss (unless severe)
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11
Q

When may vertical bitewings be used over horizontal?

A
  1. In cases of more advanced periodontal disease
    - vertical shows more of the roots and alveolar bone (however fewer teeth will be captured on the image
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12
Q

What should be shown on a periapical radiograph?

A
  1. 1-4 teeth
  2. Only maxillary OR mandibular teeth
  3. Entire crown of tooth/teeth
  4. Entire root of tooth/teeth
  5. Alveolar bone
  6. Nearby anatomical structures (such as floor of maxillary sinus, mental foramen)
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13
Q

What are indications for periapical radiographs?

A
  1. Detection of apical inflammation
  2. Detection/monitoring of periodontal bone loss
  3. Assessment of unerupted teeth
  4. Assessment of root morphology for extraction/peri radicular surgery
  5. Evaluation of endodontic treatment
  6. Assessment after dental trauma
  7. Planning/monitoring dental implants
  8. Evaluation of lesions within alveolar bone
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14
Q

How does the image of a tooth appear on a radiograph if it is not perpendicular to the x-ray beam?

A

Shortened

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15
Q

How do images appear on a radiograph where the receptor is not perpendicular to the x-ray beam?

A

Stretched

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16
Q

In what situations may the bisecting angle technique be useful?

A
  1. Shallow hard palate or lingual sulcus
  2. Young child struggling to tolerate receptor in mouth
  3. Tender tooth preventing patient biting on receptor holder
  4. Edentulous patient
  5. Most occlusal radiographs
17
Q

List 5 key points that are useful when describing an unusual pathology on a radiograph

A
  1. Site of lesion
  2. Extent of lesion
  3. Shape of lesion
  4. Margins or outline of lesion - is it corticated?
  5. Surrounding structures and effect on these, for example, resorption or displacement of roots
18
Q

Describe how you would systematically formulate a radiographic report

A
  1. General overview and critique image
  2. Teeth
  3. Apical tissues
  4. Periodontal tissues
  5. Bone
19
Q

Describe how you would systematically examine teeth on a radiograph

A
  1. Number present
  2. Stage of development
  3. Position
  4. Crowns
  5. Roots
  6. Pathology
    - caries etc
20
Q

Describe how you would systematically examine the apical tissues on a radiograph

A
  1. Lamina dura
  2. Periodontal ligament space
  3. Pathology
    - radiolucencies
    - radiopacities
  4. Radiolucencies continuous with periodontal ligament space
21
Q

Describe how you would systematically examine the periodontal tissues and bone on a radiograph

A
  1. Periodontal ligament space
  2. Bone levels
  3. Vertical or horizontal bone loss
  4. Furcation involvement
  5. Calculus
22
Q

Describe how you would systematically examine specific lesions on a radiograph

A
  1. Site or anatomical position
  2. Size and shape
  3. Uniocular/multiocular (single or multiple circles)
  4. Outline/edge or periphery
  5. Relative radio density and internal structure
  6. Effect on adjacent structures (e.g root resorption)
  7. Time present if known
23
Q

Describe how you would systematically examine an unusual pathology on a radiograph

A
  1. Site of lesion
  2. Extent of lesion, estimated size
  3. Shape of lesion
  4. Margins or outline of lesion - is it corticated?
  5. Surrounding structures and effect on these e.g. root resorption/displacement
24
Q

What general method should you follow when formulating a radiographic report?

A
  1. General overview
  2. Teeth
  3. Apical tissues
  4. Periodontal tissues
  5. Bone
25
Q

What should you include when examining teeth for a radiographic report?

A
  1. Number present
  2. Stage of development
  3. Position
  4. Crowns
  5. Roots
  6. Pathology
    - caries
26
Q

What should you include when examining the apical tissues for a radiographic report?

A
  1. Lamina dura
  2. Periodontal ligament space
  3. Pathology
    - radiolucencies
    - radiopacities
  4. Radiolucencies continuous with the periodontal ligament space
27
Q

What should you include when examining periodontal tissues and bone for a radiographic report?

A
  1. Periodontal ligament space
  2. Bone levels
  3. Vertical or horizontal bone loss
  4. Furcation involvement
  5. Calculus

BDS2b Dental Radiology (1 decks)

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