Lectures 1-3 Flashcards
Name the five factors leading to demand for federal meat inspection.
- Commercialization of meat products.
- Spanish American War
- “The Jungle”
- Export restrictions
- Reports by Bureau of Animal Industry (later named USDA) and a committee appointed by T. Roosevelt
Which act was passed in 1906?
Meat inspection act- applied only to meat sold across state lines
Which act was passed in 1957?
Poultry products inspection act- inspection of poultry sold interstate and from foreign sources
Which act was passed in 1958
Humane slaughter act
What did the Humane slaughter act mandate?
That animals be rendered insensible to pain via blow, gunshot or electrical/chemical means.
Who did the humane slaughter act apply to?
The humane slaughter act was voluntary except for packers who sold to the federal government
Which act was passed in 1967?
The Wholesome Meat Act.
What did the Wholesome meat act do?
Wholesome meat act- Provided for inspection of all red meat sold in the United States
What was the Curtis amendment? When was it passed?
Passed in 1967 as part of the Wholesome meat act, the Curtis amendment granted inspection exceptions to custom locker plants. (Still subject to periodic sanitation and equipment inspection)
How did packers have to specify that meat fell under the Curtis amendment?
They had to stamp it “not for sale”
Which act was passed in 1968?
Wholesome poultry act
What are the exceptions to the Wholesome poultry act?
- can raise up to 1k birds/yr if sold directly to the consumer
- Slaughter plants can process up to 20k birds/yr. carcasses aren’t inspected, but equipment still is.
- Farm slaughter- carcasses or edible byproducts slaughtered on the farm without inspection cannot be sold or traded.
Which act was passed in 1978?
Humane Methods of Slaughter Act
What did the Humane Methods of Slaughter act do?
Expanded on the Humane slaughter act (1958) to mandate all inspected plants to use only humane methods of slaughter and handling and prohibits importation of meat from animals not handled or slaughtered humanely.
What are the exceptions to the Humane Methods of Slaughter act?
The Humane Methods of Slaughter act exempts poultry and animals slaughtered in accordance with religious faith.
What defines a “suspect animal”
An animal, that on antemortem inspection, is possibly affected by a conditions that requires rejection of all or part of the carcass.
What defines a “condemned animal?”
An animal that may not go to slaughter because it was judged unfit at antemortem inspection.
What does “4D” mean, relating to antemortem inspection?
jargon for animals that are DEAD, DYING, DISEASED, or DISABLED.
What does the term “disposition” mean?
The ultimate fate of a carcass or its parts, following inspection.
What color tag does a suspect animal get?
Silver- goes on a live animal
What color tag does a retained animal get?
Blue- goes on the carcass
What color tag does a condemned animal get?
Red- goes on the live animal
What are the three possible dispositions for inspected animals?
Passed
US suspect
US condemned
What are the three possible fates for a “US suspect” animal?
- animal is passed for slaughter
- entire carcass or parts may be condemned post mortem
3 the animal is held for treatment
What does “HATS” stand for?
Humane-handling Activities Tracking System
What category to vets make observations under in HATS?
Category IV- handling during each occurance of antemortem inspection.
How many animals can inspection personnel pass for slaughter?
Not more than can be slaughtered in four hours
How long can animals be held in a facility before they are required to have access to food?
No longer than 24 hrs
What special pen requirement do suspect animals have?
They need covered pens to better protect them from the environment
What are the 7 methods of humane slaughter?
- captive bolt (penetrating or non-penetrating)
- Gunshot
- CO2
- Electrical stunning
- Electrical slaughter
- CO2 slaughter
- Kosher slaughter
How does an “inedible product” differ from a “condemned product”
a condemned product has been inspected and deemed unwholesome. An inedible product is a part of the animal that is not usually eaten or expected in food.
What is a “denaturant”?
Any substance that changes the taste or smell of a product and makes it unsuitable for meat.
What does it mean to “decharacterize”?
to change the physical appearance of the product to discourage its use as human food. Ex: staining condemned meat with dye
What is a “restricted product”
a product that cannot be sold without further processing like freezing or cooking.
What are the four characteristic examination procedures utilized during postmortem inspection?
- Visual examination
- Olfactory examination
- Palpation
- Incision (for evidence of parasitic or pathologic lesions)
What is the proper order of inspection of entire carcass at postmortem?
Head
Viscera
Carcass
What are the four methods used to destroy inedible or condemned products?
- Hashing- grinding bone, fat, vessels, etc
- Rendering- seperating fat from its connective tissue
- Incineration- rarely used due to cost and air pollution
- Denaturing- Cresylic disinfectants are commonly used
