Lectures 1,2,5,6 Flashcards
Is material outcomes intrinsic or extrinsic?
Extrinsic
Is sheer enjoyment intrinsic or extrinsic? And is it process or outcome?
Sheer enjoyment is an intrinsic process motivation.
Internal goals: an intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?
An intrinsic outcome motivation
Which studies showed piece rate (extrinsic motivation) increases performance quantity (not necessarily performance quality)
Shearer, 2000
Planting trees
Lazear, 2000
Glass Windows installers
Punishment and crime: describe Moffatt and poynton
Moffatt and poynton (2007) analysed speeding fines. The price of the fine did not correlate with less offending. Time of licence disqualification was positively correlated with reoffending.
Mallows hierarchy of need’s has levels, briefly explain the 5
- Physiological needs
- Safety and security
- Love and belonging
- Self esteem
- Self actualisation
Carrots and sticks can include:
Shame, respect, belonging, financial security, employment security
What are the 9 domains of applied psyc?
Clinical, health, community, organisational, education and development, sports, forensic, neurotic, counselling
What are the steps of Lewis’s action research model?
- Analysis, fact finding, reconceptualisation
- Planning
- Acting
- Observing
- Reflecting and acting again
What are Michie, van Stralen and west’s (2011) interventions of behaviour?
Education Persuasion Incentivisation Coercion Training Restriction Environmental restructuring Modelling Enablement
What do Ryan and deci argue (1985) with self determination theory (std?)
Humans need autonomy, competence, and relatedness to be motivated.
Operant conditioning theories believe that
All motivation is extrinsic ally motivated (i.e. Gain reward or avoid punishment)
Describe the regulatory style of motivation (on a continuum of most extrinsic to most intrinsic)
Amotivation External regulation Introjection Identification Integration Intrinsic motivation
What did Fred Taylor (1911) think?
That trades and factories could have science applied to them
Broke workflow into unambiguous and discrete pieces
Dumbed down work
Created middle managers.
(Was worried about soldiering or loafing)
This reduced work satisfaction in employees.
What are some industries that piece-rate pay is not likely to see increase in performance?
School teachers
Lawyers
Doctors
Any job where quality is needed.(ie The job is complex and multi faceted).
What is the deterrence theory?
And what do the effectiveness of sanctions depend upon?
The deference theory is that an offender will engage in criminal behaviour If they turn that the benefits will outweigh the cost of getting caught.
The effectiveness of sanctions relies upon:
Certainty of punishment, severity of punishment, and swiftness of punishment.
Which researches analysed the London riots and what did their study into the displacement of criminal behaviour find?
Bell, Jaitman and machin (2000)
After riot behaviour became more heavily sanctioned there was a decrease in riot behaviour but an increase in non-riot (less sanctioned) crime.
What did gneezy and rustichini (2000) find in Haifa?
In a Middle eastern daycare centre a fine became a price. More mothers were late after the fine was introduced. It was framed in a compensatory manner (a service to pay for). These results might have been as fine was super low. Around $3.
What is Campbell’s law?
The greater the value placed on a quantitative measure (like test scores), the more Lille it is that the people using it and the process it measures will be corrupted
Who opposed skinner’s interpretation and theorised intrinsic motivation?
White (1959)
Curiosity, play in humans and animals, challenging and extending themselves
What did Logan et al (2011) find in younger readers?
Low ability readers’ improvement in reading was moderated by intrinsic motivation and this effect was less pronounced in high ability readers.
How did deci (1971) undermine motivation?
UG students solved puzzles. 1/2 paid, 1/2 not. Payment reduced time spent trying to solve puzzles.
What did cerasoli, nicklin and ford (2014) find in their meta analyses?
Intrinsic motivation was an important predictor of performance. This relation held up even in the presence of incentives. When incentives were directly salient it crowded out intrinsic motivation.
Importantly: when it came to the quality of performance only intrinsic motivation mattered.
What did Hayman and ariely (2004) show with 50c chocolate, $5 choc and favour?
Favours mean people work harder. It wasn’t the money it was our understanding of money that had negative implications.
