Lectures 1,2,5,6 Flashcards
Is material outcomes intrinsic or extrinsic?
Extrinsic
Is sheer enjoyment intrinsic or extrinsic? And is it process or outcome?
Sheer enjoyment is an intrinsic process motivation.
Internal goals: an intrinsic or extrinsic motivation?
An intrinsic outcome motivation
Which studies showed piece rate (extrinsic motivation) increases performance quantity (not necessarily performance quality)
Shearer, 2000
Planting trees
Lazear, 2000
Glass Windows installers
Punishment and crime: describe Moffatt and poynton
Moffatt and poynton (2007) analysed speeding fines. The price of the fine did not correlate with less offending. Time of licence disqualification was positively correlated with reoffending.
Mallows hierarchy of need’s has levels, briefly explain the 5
- Physiological needs
- Safety and security
- Love and belonging
- Self esteem
- Self actualisation
Carrots and sticks can include:
Shame, respect, belonging, financial security, employment security
What are the 9 domains of applied psyc?
Clinical, health, community, organisational, education and development, sports, forensic, neurotic, counselling
What are the steps of Lewis’s action research model?
- Analysis, fact finding, reconceptualisation
- Planning
- Acting
- Observing
- Reflecting and acting again
What are Michie, van Stralen and west’s (2011) interventions of behaviour?
Education Persuasion Incentivisation Coercion Training Restriction Environmental restructuring Modelling Enablement
What do Ryan and deci argue (1985) with self determination theory (std?)
Humans need autonomy, competence, and relatedness to be motivated.
Operant conditioning theories believe that
All motivation is extrinsic ally motivated (i.e. Gain reward or avoid punishment)
Describe the regulatory style of motivation (on a continuum of most extrinsic to most intrinsic)
Amotivation External regulation Introjection Identification Integration Intrinsic motivation
What did Fred Taylor (1911) think?
That trades and factories could have science applied to them
Broke workflow into unambiguous and discrete pieces
Dumbed down work
Created middle managers.
(Was worried about soldiering or loafing)
This reduced work satisfaction in employees.
What are some industries that piece-rate pay is not likely to see increase in performance?
School teachers
Lawyers
Doctors
Any job where quality is needed.(ie The job is complex and multi faceted).
What is the deterrence theory?
And what do the effectiveness of sanctions depend upon?
The deference theory is that an offender will engage in criminal behaviour If they turn that the benefits will outweigh the cost of getting caught.
The effectiveness of sanctions relies upon:
Certainty of punishment, severity of punishment, and swiftness of punishment.
Which researches analysed the London riots and what did their study into the displacement of criminal behaviour find?
Bell, Jaitman and machin (2000)
After riot behaviour became more heavily sanctioned there was a decrease in riot behaviour but an increase in non-riot (less sanctioned) crime.
What did gneezy and rustichini (2000) find in Haifa?
In a Middle eastern daycare centre a fine became a price. More mothers were late after the fine was introduced. It was framed in a compensatory manner (a service to pay for). These results might have been as fine was super low. Around $3.
What is Campbell’s law?
The greater the value placed on a quantitative measure (like test scores), the more Lille it is that the people using it and the process it measures will be corrupted
Who opposed skinner’s interpretation and theorised intrinsic motivation?
White (1959)
Curiosity, play in humans and animals, challenging and extending themselves
What did Logan et al (2011) find in younger readers?
Low ability readers’ improvement in reading was moderated by intrinsic motivation and this effect was less pronounced in high ability readers.
How did deci (1971) undermine motivation?
UG students solved puzzles. 1/2 paid, 1/2 not. Payment reduced time spent trying to solve puzzles.
What did cerasoli, nicklin and ford (2014) find in their meta analyses?
Intrinsic motivation was an important predictor of performance. This relation held up even in the presence of incentives. When incentives were directly salient it crowded out intrinsic motivation.
Importantly: when it came to the quality of performance only intrinsic motivation mattered.
What did Hayman and ariely (2004) show with 50c chocolate, $5 choc and favour?
Favours mean people work harder. It wasn’t the money it was our understanding of money that had negative implications.
A satisfying job provides:
And which of the five core characteristics did Humphrey, Nahrgang, and morgeson (2007) find?
Variety Autonomy Feedback Significance Identity
Significance or meaningfulness was an important mediator of job satisfaction.
What is an important predictor of intrinsic motivated by SDT?
Relatedness. The need to feel loved, belong, be part of a group. We perform behaviours because they are valued by people we are attached to. Overtime we INTERNALISE these behaviours as part of who we are and what we value.
What did Rabinovich and Morton (2011) find with British kids and their up and down comparisons with Sweden and America?
As predicted
America comparison - British we more environmental and intended to be.
Swedish comparison - Americans were Leas environmental and intended to be.
Fill in the banks.
Where intrinsic motivation already exists we want to 1.
We can increase 2. To make it more engaging.
The outcome can be more attractive if we work with 3.
- Protect it.
- Competency and control
- Relatedness
What did Berger and rand find?
UG did not want to eat junk food or drink a lot of alcohol when these behaviours were associated with the socially awkward post grad students. Yet they could have just reported these behaviours less due to shame.
Left wing is?
Right wing is?
Liberal - modern and like change
Conservative - like tradition and religion
What do RWA right wing authoritarianism believe in?
Authoritarian, submission, aggression, and conventionalism
Name characteristics of left wing
Decreases need for structure
Name characteristics of right wing (conservatives)
Need structure, order, certainty
Black and white moralising
Increases threat perception
Reduced openness to experience
What are some unique characteristics of RWA?
Submission Aggression. Conventionalism Super extreme patriots Support war (inter and intra) Fascist Hostile Punitive towards criminals Assault women Against minorities Prejudice Anti feminist
What are some similar characteristics of RW and RWA? They share about 50-60% similarity remember
Both traditionalist Support status quo Loyalty to country Hard work Lack of gov input in trade and business
Explain the results of the Graham, Haidt, and Nosek (2009) study
Study 1 getting drunk - did they keep the same 5 core characteristics?
Both were more conservative.
Conservatives rated harm and purity characteristics less
But authority and in group binding more important
Liberal is concerned with individualisation. They are welfare and egalitarianism.
What is an ideology
An ideology is a mental frame work that provides both an understanding of the environment and a prescription of how it should be structured, they come from bottom up predispositions and bottom down socialisation. Consists of shared beliefs, opinions and values. Stable.
What are some ways of measuring liberalism and conservatism?
Kerlinger (1984) sass (liberal sub scale)
Kerlinger (1984) sass (conservative sub scale)
Explain the results of the Graham, Haidt, and Nosek (2009) study 2 (moral judgements)
Conservatives became more liberal and are more concerned about moral issues (they care more evenly about 5 core characteristics.
Liberals care more about fairness and welfare (empathy).
What is the COM-B theory of individual behaviour and who was the author?
Michie et al Capability Motivation Opportunity all influence behaviour
