Lectures 1 & 2

Question 1

Manufacturing methods of milk

Answer 1

1. Instant sterilization (retains freshness)

2. Membrane filtration

Question 2

Why is the market share of baby milk & food in India so small?

Answer 2

Breastfeeding/fresh milk is promoted in India over infant formula

Question 3

Global dairy drinks trends

Answer 3

Gut health/immunity
Plant-based
Flavoured milk

Question 4

APAC dairy drinks trends

Answer 4

Locally sourced ingredients
Organic
Flavoured milk

Question 5

Global trends baby nutrition

Answer 5

Convenience
Nutrient fortification
Clean and natural recipes

Question 6

APAC trends baby nutrition

Answer 6

Improved immunity
Superior nutrition
Added functional benefits

Question 7

Global yoghurt trends

Answer 7

Indulgent flavours
close to nature
plant-based
low sugar
high protein

Question 8

APAC yoghurt trends

Answer 8

Indulgent yet healthy
close to nature
fruit chunks/jam

Question 9

Relative protein content of human and cow milk

Answer 9

Human milk is 3 times lower in protein than cow’s milk

Question 10

Stages of the dairy cycle

Answer 10

Calving, Lactation, Insemination, Pregnancy, Dry period

Question 11

How long can cows produce milk for

Answer 11

10 - 14 months

Question 12

Drying off period of a cow

Answer 12

~60 days

Question 13

4 sections of a cow’s stomach

Answer 13

rumen (break down food), reticulum (where food is gathered, broken down by microorganisms, omasum (blending), abomasum

Question 14

Where is milk synthesized?

Answer 14

Milk is synthesized in the mammary glands

Question 15

What is the milk producing unit in the mammary gland of a cow?

Answer 15

Alveolus

Question 16

What is the lumen?

Answer 16

Membrane space formed by a single layer of epithelial secretory cells that is connected to the milk duct

Question 17

Where are milk components synthesized?

Answer 17

By the endoplasmic reticulum and the attached ribosomes

Question 18

How much milk can a cow produce in a day?

Answer 18

30 litres

Question 19

How is milk delivered through the milk duct?

Answer 19

Milk components synthesized by the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes are transported to the Golgi apparatus to be repackaged into vesicles for transport out of the secretory cells through the cytoplasm and the apical plasma membrane into the lumen that is connected to the milk duct. Milk fat globule membrane is comprised of the apical plasma membrane of the secretory cell.

Question 20

What do vesicle contain?

Answer 20

Aqueous non-fat components and lipid droplets