Lectures 1-10 Flashcards
What is the WHO definition of health?
A stare of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What are the 4 main factors affecting health?
Biology (age, sex, genetics)
Environment (physico-chemical, biological, socioeconomic and political)
Lifestyle
Healthcare
What might explain the fall in mortality in the last 200 years?
falls in infectious diseases;
TB - chemo hastened decrease
Polio - immunisation
Whooping coiugh and measles decrase had little to do with immunisation
What are hospital episode statistics?
details of all admissions to NHS hospitals in England and all outpatients appointments
What is the Health Survey for England?
an annual population survery, it’s just a health questionnaire really
What is crude mortality rate?
the total number of deaths in one year over the total mid-year population
What is indirect standardisation?
age-specific rates from a standard population are applied to a study population structure
What are Marinker’s 3 levels for health?
Illness
Disease
Sickness
At what levels can medicalisation occur?
Interactional
Conceptual (medical vocabulary)
Institutional
What is iatrogenesis?
the negative effects of medicine
In what 4 ways could medicine be a serious threat to our health?
incompetence
cascade iatrogenesis
social iatrogenesis
structural iatrogenesis
In ‘The Birth of the Clinic’ , what did Foucault stress?
New forms of knowledge lead to new ways of constructing disease, shift from hospital based medicine to new forms of ‘surveillance’ medicine, and the the psycho-social-space between bodies and communities
Which organisation found that those living with long-term mental health conditions were more likely to get killer diseases?
The Disability Rights Commision
What factors might affect access to the outcomes of healthcare?
Provider - competence
Structural - resource abundance
Consumer - genetic/cultural differences
What examples are there of unconcious gender bias in healthcare?
Crash dummies are male
heart attack symptoms are less well known for women as their referred pain is different
What is the Data Protection Act?
Can’t have more information than you strictly need
Can patients see their own records?
Yes, but the doctor has the right to refuse if they believe it would cause severe harm to the patient, or would breach confidentiality of a third party
When can we break confidentiality?
With patient consent Within healthcare teams In the patient's best medical interest In the interest of others Legal proceedings Statutory requirements teaching/audits
What inequalities exist within palliative care?
black and ethnic minorities have less access
Not everyone is aware that these services exist
What is the ASKED model of cultural competence?
Awareness of your background Knowledge about diversity Skill Encounters Desire
What 3 ways did Kleinman suggest people manage their health?
The popular sector
The Professional Sector
The folk sector
What is the definition of disease?
the pathological process, deviation from the biological norm
What is the definition of illness?
The patient’s experience of ill health, sometimes when no disease can be found
What is the significance of Zola’s 5 social triggers?
They encompass the way in which symptoms come to be seen as abnormal
What are Zola’s 5 social triggers?
Percieved interference with activity " " relations An interpersonal crisis Sanctioning Temporalizing of symptomology
