Lecture02 (2)

Question 1

What are environmental requirements?
(Define)

Answer 1

Environmental requirements are the design preconditions to minimize negative product environmental impact.

Question 2

The environmental impact of the product is

Answer 2

Any alteration of the environment caused by the exchange of substances between the set of processes directly or indirectly related to the existence of a product (system) and the geosphere and the biosphere (environment).

Question 3

What is the input/output of environmental (damaging) impacts

Answer 3

input: substance extraction from the environment
output: substance emission into the environment

Question 4

If an exchange causes a deterioration of the environment, we call it_____

Answer 4

Negative environment impact

Question 5

List Ecological damages in Environmental (damaging) impacts (List of 5)

Answer 5

・Climate change (global warming)
・Acidification (terrestrial acid rain, ocean acidification)
・Eutrophication (terrestrial, freshwater, marine)
・Ecotoxicity (freshwater, marine, terrestrial, ionizing radiation)
・Land use (deforestation, urban development & agriculture impacts, waste)

Question 6

List Human Damage in Environmental (damaging) impacts (List of 4)

Answer 6

Human Damage
・Human toxicity( cancer effects, non-cancer effects, ionizing radiation)
・Winter smog (particulate matter and inorganics air pollution)
・Summer smog (photochemical ozone formation, etc.)
・Stratospheric ozone depletion

Question 7

What is resources depleation
(define)

Answer 7

Resources exhaustion (water, mineral, fossil & renewable resource depletion)

Question 8

What are the approaches to environmental requirements in design? (List of 2)

Answer 8

・Product life cycle
・Functional unit

Question 9

What is the Evaluation method of Environmental requirements in design? (Concept)

Answer 9

Life cycle assessment (LCA)

Question 10

What is a Functional unit? (Definition)

Answer 10

The functional unit is not the product to be designed (assessed), but the whole process associated with fulfilling a given function.

Question 11

What is LCA (Life cycle assessment)? (Definition)

Answer 11

It is a quantitative method rto model and assess the environmental effects of a given product throughout its life cycle and in relation to its functional unit.

Question 12

What are the product life cycle design approaches? (List of 3)

Answer 12

1- An extended design horizon from product design to the design of the product life cycle stages.

2- The design “reference” from the product design
to product’s “function” design

3- The environmental design “objective” minimizes the ecological impact of the phases in relation to the functional unit.

Question 13

Explain this Product life cycle approach (Fill in the blank 1 of 3)
“An extended design horizon______________”

Answer 13

from product design to the design of the product life cycle stages

Question 14

Explain this Product life cycle approach (Fill in the blank 2 of 3)
“The design “reference _________________________”

Answer 14

The design “reference” from product design to the product’s “function” design

Question 15

Complete this product life cycle approach (Fill in the blank 3 of 3)
“The environmental design “objective” ___________________”

Answer 15

The environmental design “objective” minimizes the environmental impact of all the phases in relation to the functional unit

Question 16

List Environmental strategies (List 6)

Answer 16

-Minimizing materials consumption
-Minimizing energy consumption
-Optimizing resources renewability and Bio-compatibility
-Minimizing resources toxicity and harmfulness
-Product lifespan optimization
extending the lifespan of materials
-Design for disassembly

Question 17

What is the environmental advantage of a product of half the material content from another one?

Answer 17

Impact can be half as well (Duh)

Question 18

The environmental impact of material depends on…. (2 characteristics)

Answer 18

-Material-specific characteristics
-Characteristics given to products

Question 19

Resources renewability depends on…? (2 Characteristics)

Answer 19

-Re-growing specific speed
-Extraction frequency

Question 20

A resource is renewable if

Answer 20

anthropic (human cause) consumption rate is slower than the natural re-growing rate

Question 21

Product lifespan Optimization (Fill in the blanks):
-Product lifespan__________
-Product use ______________

Answer 21

-Product lifespan “extension”
-Product use “intensification”

Question 22

It is possible to extend the life span of materials by…..(list of 3)

Answer 22

-recycling
-energy recovery
-composting

Question 23

By extending the material life you can avoid______ (fill the blank)

Answer 23

Landfill

Question 24

What does a material’s recyclability (combust, compost) depend on? (List 3)

Answer 24

-SPECIFIC MATERIAL’S CHARACTERISTICS performances recovery (and costs of the process)
-PRODUCT’S ARCHITECTURE
-RECYCLING PHASES collection, transportation, separation(disassembly a/o crushing), identification, cleaning secondary raw material’s production

Question 25

What does MPDS stand for?

Answer 25

Method for Product Design for Environmental Sustainability

Question 26

What is the aim of ICS TOOLKIT (MPDS main tool)

Answer 26

To guide the design process from the early stage of product development

Question 27

What is ICS TOOLKIT (MPDS MAIN TOOL) consists of? (List 5 elements)

Answer 27

A: checklist for existing product evaluation
B: prioritize / improvement board (ESPI form) and functional unit
C: eco-ideas boards(guidelines)
D: checklist for LCD strategies pursuit evaluation (simplified/normal/ deep)
E: multi-strategy radar