Lecture02 (2) Flashcards
(Hiroki)
What are environmental requirements?
(Define)
Environmental requirements are the design preconditions to minimize negative product environmental impact.
The environmental impact of the product is
Any alteration of the environment caused by the exchange of substances between the set of processes directly or indirectly related to the existence of a product (system) and the geosphere and the biosphere (environment).
What is the input/output of environmental (damaging) impacts
input: substance extraction from the environment
output: substance emission into the environment
If an exchange causes a deterioration of the environment, we call it_____
Negative environment impact
List Ecological damages in Environmental (damaging) impacts (List of 5)
・Climate change (global warming)
・Acidification (terrestrial acid rain, ocean acidification)
・Eutrophication (terrestrial, freshwater, marine)
・Ecotoxicity (freshwater, marine, terrestrial, ionizing radiation)
・Land use (deforestation, urban development & agriculture impacts, waste)
List Human Damage in Environmental (damaging) impacts (List of 4)
Human Damage
・Human toxicity( cancer effects, non-cancer effects, ionizing radiation)
・Winter smog (particulate matter and inorganics air pollution)
・Summer smog (photochemical ozone formation, etc.)
・Stratospheric ozone depletion
What is resources depleation
(define)
Resources exhaustion (water, mineral, fossil & renewable resource depletion)
What are the approaches to environmental requirements in design? (List of 2)
・Product life cycle
・Functional unit
What is the Evaluation method of Environmental requirements in design? (Concept)
Life cycle assessment (LCA)
What is a Functional unit? (Definition)
The functional unit is not the product to be designed (assessed), but the whole process associated with fulfilling a given function.
What is LCA (Life cycle assessment)? (Definition)
It is a quantitative method rto model and assess the environmental effects of a given product throughout its life cycle and in relation to its functional unit.
What are the product life cycle design approaches? (List of 3)
1- An extended design horizon from product design to the design of the product life cycle stages.
2- The design “reference” from the product design
to product’s “function” design
3- The environmental design “objective” minimizes the ecological impact of the phases in relation to the functional unit.
Explain this Product life cycle approach (Fill in the blank 1 of 3)
“An extended design horizon______________”
from product design to the design of the product life cycle stages
Explain this Product life cycle approach (Fill in the blank 2 of 3)
“The design “reference _________________________”
The design “reference” from product design to the product’s “function” design
Complete this product life cycle approach (Fill in the blank 3 of 3)
“The environmental design “objective” ___________________”
The environmental design “objective” minimizes the environmental impact of all the phases in relation to the functional unit
List Environmental strategies (List 6)
-Minimizing materials consumption
-Minimizing energy consumption
-Optimizing resources renewability and Bio-compatibility
-Minimizing resources toxicity and harmfulness
-Product lifespan optimization
extending the lifespan of materials
-Design for disassembly
What is the environmental advantage of a product of half the material content from another one?
Impact can be half as well (Duh)
The environmental impact of material depends on…. (2 characteristics)
-Material-specific characteristics
-Characteristics given to products
Resources renewability depends on…? (2 Characteristics)
-Re-growing specific speed
-Extraction frequency
A resource is renewable if
anthropic (human cause) consumption rate is slower than the natural re-growing rate
Product lifespan Optimization (Fill in the blanks):
-Product lifespan__________
-Product use ______________
-Product lifespan “extension”
-Product use “intensification”
It is possible to extend the life span of materials by…..(list of 3)
-recycling
-energy recovery
-composting
By extending the material life you can avoid______ (fill the blank)
Landfill
What does a material’s recyclability (combust, compost) depend on? (List 3)
-SPECIFIC MATERIAL’S CHARACTERISTICS performances recovery (and costs of the process)
-PRODUCT’S ARCHITECTURE
-RECYCLING PHASES collection, transportation, separation(disassembly a/o crushing), identification, cleaning secondary raw material’s production
