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CHEM 401 > LECTURE WEEK 1 > Flashcards

LECTURE WEEK 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

the identification of elements and answers the question “what?”

A

Qualitative

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2
Q

Qualitative Analysis measures changes in:

A

color, melting point, boiling point, taste, odor, reactivity, solubility

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3
Q

answers the question “how much” and is expressed in concentration; are also numerical data

A

Quantitative Analysis

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4
Q

2 kinds of Quantitative Analysis:

A

Instrumental, Classical

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5
Q

uses no mechanical/electrical equipment and relies on chemical reaction

A

classical chemical analysis

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6
Q

uses scientific instrument to analytes

A

instrumental chemical analysis

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7
Q

it is the formation of gas bubbles in a liquid by chemical reaction

A

effervescence

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8
Q

components of sample that are to be determined

A

analytes

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9
Q

remainder of sample

A

sample matrix

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10
Q

Analytical Methods:

A

Classical, Instrumental, Qualitative, Quantitative

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11
Q

Physical properties of analytes:

A

conductivity, electrode potential, mass-to-charge ratio, light emission absorption, fluorescence

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12
Q

Quantitative Analysis can be divided into:

A

Classical, Instrumental

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13
Q

it depends on simple chemical technique to determine mass and volume

A

Classical chemical analysis

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14
Q

Classical chemical analysis uses techniques:

A

Volumetric, Gravimetric

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15
Q

measure volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to meet completely with analyte

A

volumetric method of classical chemical analysis

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16
Q

determine mass of analyte or compound chemically related to it

A

gravimetric method of classical chemical analysis

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17
Q

analysis that depends on physical properties of the sample where there is no reaction involved

A

Instrumental Analysis

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18
Q

complex devices that instrumental analysis depends on:

A

electroanalytical method, spectroscopic method, miscallenous method

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19
Q

involves the measurement of electrical properties

A

electroanalytical method

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20
Q

based on measurement of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or molecules

A

spectroscopic method

21
Q

an analysis involves several steps and operations which depends on:

A

the problem, the expertise, and apparatus

22
Q

steps in analytical analysis:

A
  1. define the problem
  2. select a method
  3. obtain a representative sample
  4. sample preparation
  5. chemical separation
  6. perform measurement
  7. calculation
23
Q

reproducibility of test result

A

precision

24
Q

how close a measured value is to the true value

A

accuracy

25
Q

most preferred sample is not solid but

A

liquid

26
Q

analyte should be separated from

A

sample matrix

27
Q

Macro-analysis has a sample size of

A

> 0.1 g

28
Q

Semimicro-analysis has a sample size of

A

0.01 to 0.1 g

29
Q

micro-analysis has a sample size of:

A

0.0001 to 0.01 g

30
Q

ultramicro-analysis has a sample size of:

A

<10^-4 g

31
Q

major constituent has an analyte level of

A

1 to 100%

32
Q

minor constituent has an analyte level of

A

0.01 (100ppm) to 1%

33
Q

Trace constituent has an analyte level of

A

1 ppb to 100 ppm

34
Q

Ultra-trace constituent has an analyte level of

A

< 1 ppb

35
Q

it is the extraneous species in matrix that interferes in real samples

A

matrix effects

36
Q

process by which a representative fraction is acquired from a material

A

sampling

37
Q

it is the most difficult aspect of analysis

A

sampling

38
Q

sampling for chemical analysis requires

A

statistics

39
Q

items chosen for analysis

A

sampling units or sampling increments

40
Q

collection of sampling items

A

gross sample

41
Q

miniature replica of the entire mass to be analyzed

A

gross sample

42
Q

the number of particles required in a gross sample ranges from

A

few particles to 10^12 particles

43
Q

why does well-mixed solution of gases and liquids require a very small sample?

A

they are homogenous down to molecular level

44
Q

sampling metals and alloys are required by

A

sawing, milling, drilling

45
Q

lead to higher throughput

A

automated sample handling

46
Q

it has higher reliability and lower cost than manual sample handling

A

automated sample handling

47
Q

mimics the operation that would be performed manually

A

discrete (batch) method

48
Q

sample is inserted into a flowing stream where a number of operations can be performed prior to transporting it to a flow-through detector

A

continuous flow method

CHEM 401 (1 decks)

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