LECTURE V

Question 1

in an adult this separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities? related to the formation of the diaphragm

Answer 1

musculotendinous partition

Question 2

what are the four embryonic components the diaphragm is developed from?

Answer 2

septum transversarum
pleuroperitoneal membranes
dorsal mesentery of the esophagus
muscular ingrowth from the lateral body walls

Question 3

this diaphragmatic disorder fails to close with pleuroperitoneal membranes with the other three parts of the diaphragm and so this results in herniation of abdominal contents into the thorax causing lung compression and affecting lung development and occurs on the left side?

Answer 3

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 4

this condition of the lungs in when half the diaphragm has defective musculature and balloons into the thoracic cavity as a membranous sheet

failure of the muscular tissue from the body wall to extend to the pleuroperitoneal membrane on the affected side

similar to CDH

Answer 4

eventration of diaphragm

Question 5

this condition is when there is a congenital fissure in the anterior abdominal wall

protrusion of viscera

defect is to the right of the midline

bowel is uncovered and floating in amniotic fluid

result from failure of the lateral body folds to fuse completely

Answer 5

gastroschisis

Question 6

Tuberous sclerosis complex
Sturge Weber Syndrome
Neurofibromatosis

these conditions are examples of?

Answer 6

Neurocutaneous syndromes

Question 7

name this type of Neurocutaneous syndrome?

benign tumors that can occur anywhere but most commonly in the brain and skin

Answer 7

Tuberous sclerosis complex

Question 8

name this type of Neurocutaneous syndrome?

rare neurocutaneous disorder with vascular malformations of the eye, skin and brain

Answer 8

Sturge Weber Syndrome

Question 9

name this type of Neurocutaneous syndrome?

pathogenic cae-au-lait spots, gliomas, PNS, neurofibromas

Answer 9

Neurofibromatosis

Question 10

this is a genetic skin disorder resulting in abnormal epidermal differentiation and excessive keratinization of skin?

characterized by dryness and scaling, may involve the entire body?

Answer 10

Ichthyosis

Question 11

name this genetic skin disorder

this is a rare keratinizing disorder

autosomal recessive inheritance with a mutation in the ABCA12 gene

usually premature

despite intensive care, >50% die early

Answer 11

Harlquin Ichthyosis

Question 12

name this genetic skin disorder

usually born premature

covered with thick, taut membrane

membranous skin cracks and falls off in large sheets

deficiency in TGM1 is likely cause

Answer 12

Collodion infant

Question 13

name this genetic skin disorder

looks like colloidal baby at first, but scaling persists. Growth of hair and sweat glands impeded.

Autosomal recessive disorder

Answer 13

lamellar

Question 14

name this genetic skin disorder

deletion or mutation in STS gene. Neonates have pink or red skin with large translucent scales that shed after birth

Answer 14

x-linked ichthyosis

Question 15

name this genetic skin disorder

skin may have blisters and appear to be peeling at birth.

autosomal dominant inheritance

Answer 15

epidermolytic ichthyosis

Question 16

autosomal recessive condition

skin, hair, retina lack pigment

melanocytes fail to produce melanin

Answer 16

albinism

Question 17

localized albinism, patches of skin and hair lack melanin

Answer 17

piebaldism

Question 18

excessive hairiness

development of supernumerary hair follicles or persistence of lanugo

localized hypertrichosis is associated with spina bifida occulta

Answer 18

hypertrichosis

Question 19

this is derived from the epidermis that grows into the dermis?

Answer 19

formation of sebaceous glands

Question 20

develop from down growths of stratum germinativum of epidermis?

Answer 20

formation of apocrine sweat glands

Question 21

these are modified and highly specialized sweat gland

Answer 21

formation of mammary glands

Question 22

what week do mammary crests develop along sides of embryo?

Answer 22

4th week, eventually the crest disappears except in area of breasts

Question 23

what week do primary mammary buds form?

what hormones stimulates these?

Answer 23

5th week

PTHrp
inductive influence from the mesenchyme

Question 24

the development of these structures begin at week 9-12, not recognizable until week 20?

Answer 24

development of hairs

Question 25

first hairs to appear?

Answer 25

lanugo, week 12

replaced by coarse hair

Question 26

thickened areas of epidermis at the tip of each digit

Answer 26

nail fields

Question 27

corneal layer of the epidermis initially covering the nail?

Answer 27

eponychium

later degenerates and persists as cuticle

Question 28

what are the primary dentition called?

Answer 28

deciduous teeth

Question 29

what are the secondary dentition called?

Answer 29

permanent teeth

Question 30

what is the development of teeth called?

Answer 30

odontogenesis

Question 31

what do the teeth develop from?

Answer 31

oral ectoderm
mesenchyme
neural crest cells

Question 32

what are the stages of teeth?

Answer 32

bud
cap
bell
tooth eruption

Question 33

this a medical condition that affects the teeth in which there are

aberrations in enamel formation

inherited ectodermal birth defect

enamel may be hard, soft, pitted, smooth, thin norma thickness

Answer 33

angiogenesis imperfecta

Question 34

extra teeth

Answer 34

supernumerary

Question 35

one or more missing teeth

Answer 35

partial anodontia

Question 36

no teeth develop

Answer 36

total anodontia

Question 37

partially divided teeth

Answer 37

germination

Question 38

foreign substance incorporated into developing enamel and dentin leads to discoloration but,

use of this leads to brownish yellow discoloration and affects children up to 8 yers

Answer 38

tetracyclin

Question 39

mass of enamel on the root formed by an aberrant group of ameloblasts

Answer 39

enamel pearl