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Bio 113 > Lecture Unit 1 > Flashcards

Lecture Unit 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define taxonomy

A

It is the aspect of biology that deals with the classification of organisms

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2
Q

Define invertebrates

A

Animals and animal like organisms without a backbone

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3
Q

Define vertebrates

A

Animals with backbone

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4
Q

Define nomenclature

A

Naming of organisms

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5
Q

Define systematics

A

It is the systematic assignment of organisms into groups called taxa

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6
Q

What are and define the 2 main types of classification

A

Artificial- based on one or more easily observable characteristics eg color, mode of locomotion
Natural -
Phylogenetic- based on ancestry and descent.
Phenetic- based on evidence from morphological (structural), cytological (cellular),and biochemical similarities or differences between organisms

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7
Q

Biological nomenclature is based on what

A

Binomial system

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8
Q

Binomial system was introduced by

A

Swedish Naturalist Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778) who gave Latin names to each organism

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9
Q

What is ICZN

A

International code of zoological nomenclature

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10
Q

What are the ranks of taxonomy in descending order

A

Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

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11
Q

The five kingdoms are

A

Prokaryotae
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantar
Animalia

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12
Q

Protoctista now contains

A

Algae, protozoa, some former fungi and slime molds

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13
Q

Invertebrates are divided into how many groups

A

Invertebrates are divided into to four groups based on their cellular composition and organisation
Protozoa
Mesozoic
Parazoa
Metazoa

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14
Q

Characteristics of protozoa are

A

They are for the most part of their life unicellular
Also described as acellular (not divided into cells)
Vital functions are carried out by organelles

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15
Q

Mesozoans are thought to be intermediate between

A

True multicellular animals and protozoan

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16
Q

Characteristics of mesozoans are

A

Their bodies are unicellular
They don’t have more that two cell layers
The outer layer is cilliated while the inner layer is reproductive
They are bilaterally symmetrical
They have no organs
They have no body cavity
Gametes and agametes are produced from special cells which form central mass of the body
Their life cycle involves alternation of generation
They are marine
There are two classes and 3 orders

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17
Q

What is alternation of generation

A

This is the alternation btw diploid sporophyte and haploid gametophyte

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18
Q

What are Parazoans

A

They are multicellular invertebrates that possess collared flagellated cells
The many cells in their body are not organised into tissues and organs
So they are at cellular level of organisation

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19
Q

What makes parazoans unique among other multicellular invertebrates

A

Possession of collared flagellated cells

20
Q

Describe metazoans

A

They are invertebrates with marked cellular differentiation

21
Q

What are the 2 levels of organisation in metazoans

A

Diploblastic
Triploblastic

22
Q

What are diploblastic animals

A

They have 2 cell layers an inner endoderm and an outer ectoderm
The cell layers are at tissue level of organisation

23
Q

What are triploblastic animals

A

They have 3 layers showing organ level of organisation
The 3rd body layer mesoderm btw the ectoderm and endoderm

24
Q

Xtics of protozoa

A

They are animal like
Simple and primitive
They occur in moist environments eg seas, freshwater bodily fluids, soil etc.
They are cosmopolitan

25
Q

Protozoan are at what level of organisation

A

Protoplasmic level of organisation
Ie specialised portions of the cytoplasm called organelles carry out particular functions within their single cell

26
Q

Protozoan organelles include

A

Cilia
Flagella
Contractile vacuole

27
Q

Protozoa are divided into how many phyla

A

They are divided into four phyla based on their organelles and modes of locomotion
Phylum Rhizopoda
Phylum Apicomplexa
Phylum Sarcomastigophora
Phylum Ciliophora

28
Q

What are chromatophores

A

These are pigment containing vesicles found in cell cytoplasm

29
Q

Xtics of Rhizopoda

A

They lack chromatophores
Possess a single nucleus
Don’t have definite shape due to absence of rigid pellicle
Asexual reproduction is by binary fission
Possess pseudopodia

30
Q

Examples of Rhizopoda are

A

Arcella
Amoeba
Entamoeba etc

31
Q

Xtics of Apicomplexa

A

They have apical complex
Lack external locomotory organelles
They are characterised by reproductive process
They are parasitic and absorb food from their host
They are uninucleate
They cause diseases in humans and other organisms

32
Q

What is the most distinctive xtic of apicomplexa

A

They form many spores during asexual and sexual reproduction

33
Q

What do plasmodium, eimeria and toxoplasma cause

A

Malaria
Coccidiosis
Toxoplasmosis respectively

34
Q

Xtics of sarcomastigophora

A

Possess chromatophores while some don’t
Cell is semi rigid covered by pellicle
Have definite shape
Possess single nucleus
Flagella as means of locomotion
Asexual reproduction is by longitudinal binary fission

35
Q

Sarcomastigophora are divided into

A

Two classes
Phytomastigophora
Zoomastigophora

36
Q

Xtics of Phytomastigophora

A

These flagellates are plant like

37
Q

Volvox, euglena and chlamydomonas belong to

A

Class Phytomastigophora

38
Q

In Zoomastigophora food is ingested through

A

Temporary or permanent openings

39
Q

Xtics of Zoomastigophora

A

Animal.like and lack chromatophores
Holozoic
Sexual reproduction in few groups
Some members are parasitic
They possess on to many flagella

40
Q

Examples of Zoomastigophora are

A

Mastigoamoeba
Trichonympha
Trypanosoma
Leishmania

41
Q

Which Phylum constitutes the largest group of protozoans

A

Phylum Ciliophora

42
Q

Function of mega and micronucleus in ciliophores are

A

Control all cell activities excluding reproduction
Control sexual reproduction respectively

43
Q

Asexual and sexual reproduction in ciliophores are

A

By transverse fission
Conjugation respectively

44
Q

Examples of Ciliophora are

A

Paramecium
Vorticella
Balantidium

45
Q

Ciliates exist as

A

Most are free-living and solitary
Few are colonial
Some are sessile
Very few are parasitic

46
Q

Ciliates feed on

A

Organic particles
Or pretty on microscopic organisms

47
Q

Xtics of Ciliophora

A

High level of organelle devt
Cilia for locomotion
Constant body shape due to firm pellicle
Two types of nuclei mega and micro

Bio 113 (5 decks)

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