Lecture Two “Terminology”

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Underpins normal function of the systems in the body
Maintains conditions in the internal enlvironment

Question 2

Regulatory mechanisms homeostasis relies on the control variables to not stray to far from “normal”

Answer 2

Temperature, ion concentration, blood sugar levels, fluid balance e.t.c.

Question 3

Feedback

Answer 3

When the controlled variable moves too far from the set point and responses from the body attempt to move the variable back to “normal”
E.g: shivering to produce heat

Question 4

Feedforward

Answer 4

When there is an anticipation of an event that will alter a controlled variable, so you may do something to minimise the effect
E.g: putting on a jumper when it’s cold

Question 5

Upper limb

Answer 5

Arm, forearm, hand

Question 6

lower limb

Answer 6

Thigh, leg, foot

Question 7

Anatomical position

Answer 7

Upright, face forward, feet together, palms face forward

Question 8

Anterior

Answer 8

Toward the front / ventral

Question 9

Posterior

Answer 9

Toward the back / dorsal

Question 10

Superior

Answer 10

Toward the head

Question 11

Inferior

Answer 11

Towards the feet

Question 12

Medial

Answer 12

Towards the mid point

Question 13

Lateral

Answer 13

Further from the midpoint

Question 14

Proximal

Answer 14

closer to the joint

Question 15

Distal

Answer 15

Further from the joint

Question 16

Deep

Answer 16

Far from the surface of the body

Question 17

Superficial

Answer 17

closer to the surface

Question 18

Coronal plane

Answer 18

front and back plane

Question 19

Sagittal plane

Answer 19

divides body into left and right pieces

Question 20

Transverese plane

Answer 20

lower and upper plane

Question 21

Sagittal movement

Answer 21

back and forwards

Question 22

Midsagittal /median plane

Answer 22

divides body into mirror image left and right halves

Question 23

coronal movement

Answer 23

side to side

Question 24

transverse movement

Answer 24

rotating movement

Question 25

Flexion

Answer 25

occurs in the Sagittal plane, decreases the angle (fleshy part of limb brought closer together)

Question 26

extension

Answer 26

Sagittal plane, increase angle

Question 27

foot movement in the Sagittal plane

Answer 27

Dorsiflexion & plantarflexion

Question 28

Dorsiflexion

Answer 28

toes brought towards face

Question 29

plantarflexion

Answer 29

toes pointing towards ground

Question 30

Movement in coronal plane

Answer 30

abduction & adduction

Question 31

abduction

Answer 31

movements at joint moves limb away from midline

Question 32

Adduction

Answer 32

movement at joint moves limb toward midline

Question 33

foot movement in coronal plane

Answer 33

inversion & eversion

Question 34

inversion

Answer 34

sole of foot faces towards midline

Question 35

eversion

Answer 35

sole of foot turns away from midline

Question 36

Circumduction

Answer 36

combination of flexion, abduction, extension, adduction (no rotation)

Question 37

rotation

Answer 37

rotation around the long axis of a joint, lateral (external), and medial (internal)

Question 38

pronation

Answer 38

palm faces posterior

Question 39

supination

Answer 39

palm faces anterior and forearm bones parallel