Lecture three - protein post-translational modification

Question 1

what is the protein function in the cell?

Answer 1

protein structure determines the proteins function
most of the functions of a cell are directed by proteins
proteins are made up of molecules called amino acids - there are 20 amino acids (9 are essential > the body cannot synthesis these, so they have to be taken in through the diet)
proteins are made by the ribosome upon the instruction of DNA
protein structure can be modified in the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus after it has been made by the ribosome.

Question 2

what is the central dogma of molecular biology?

Answer 2

replication (DNA > DNA via DNA polymerase)
transcription (DNA > RNA via RNA polymerase)
translation (RNA > protein in the ribosome)
DNA is the unit of life
DNA is transcribed into RNA
RNA is translated into a protein
proteins undergo post-translational modification

Question 3

where does most protein modification take place?

Answer 3

in the golgi apparatus
proteins are packed into vesicle and are tagged to be sent to different places.