Lecture three : Domestic Violence and Abuse Flashcards
What is Domestic Abuse?
Domestic abuse is abuse which occurs in the domestic/private sphere.
What is Intimate Partner Violence?
Intimate partner violence (+16): to behaviour within an intimate relationship that causes physical, sexual or psychological harm, including acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological abuse and controlling behaviours. this definition includes both current and former spouses and partners
What is Adolescent to parent Violence and abuse?
Adolescent to parent violence and abuse (APVA) also known as parent abuse, child to parent abuse
Children under the age of 18 years who see or hear or experience the effects of domestic abuse
What are the key effects of children as victims?
- Developmental difficulties are associated with a range of poor outcomes in later life, including mental and physical health problems, criminal justice contact, and socioeconomic adversity (Whitten et al., 2022)
- Children exposed to DVA are more likely to either experience or perpetrate DVA as adults (Stiles, 2002)
Who does DV affect?
DVA can affect anyone, regardless of age, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, class, lifestyle or geographic location
What are the behavioural features of intimate partner violence?
Outer ring: Physical and sexual violence
Inside of wheel: Subtle, continual behaviours- emotional, financial and controlling behaviours
What is Coercive control?
Coercive behaviour is: An act or a pattern of acts of assault, threats, humiliation and intimidation or other abuse that is used to harm, punish, or frighten their victim (Home Office, 2013)
–> controlling behaviour
How has technology facilitate Intimate partner violence?
Harassment: Repeated attempts to impose unwanted communications or contact in a manner that could be expected to cause distress or fear
Stalking: Technology used as a method of creating this sense of the perp being ever-present in the victims lives through constantly calling or texting the victims (Woodlock, 2017)
- Monitoring
- Smart houses: cameras
What demographic experiences DV the most?
Women are more likely to experience domestic violence and abuse
This is a prevalence rate of approximately 6 in 100 women and 3 in 100 men
What are the health implications of Male on Female Intimate partner Violence?
2 women a week are killed by a current or former partner in England and Wales.
One in eight of all female suicides and suicide attempts in the UK are due to domestic violence and abuse.
What is the Psychological Explanation for?
The psychological effects of …Alcohol and Drug use
Domestic violence perpetrators who used alcohol/drugs more likely to inflict injuries, emotionally abuse their partners, and to escalate the frequency or severity of the domestic violence (Robinson and Clancy 2021)
What is the limitation of the Psychological explanation of DV?
Not all intoxicated people perpetrate IPV and substance use alone cannot explain why or how these violent tendencies originate.
What is the Psycho-social explanation?
Disempowerment Theory: suggests that individual factors such as self-esteem, personality and insecure attachment can make a person more prone to abusing their partner.
What is the Sociological Explanation?
DVA as a ‘learned behaviour’
–> Straus (1980) found that children who witnessed parental violence were three times more likely to be violent to their own partners
The Intergenerational Transmission of violence:
This theory argues that experiencing domestic violence
and/or witnessing it particularly during childhood, leads to subsequent IV
What are the limitations of the Disempowerment Theory?
- Not all children will grow up to become perpetrators/ victims.
- Why the different gender effect?
- Powers et al. (2020) look at victimisation and argues that the risk of entering and remaining in a violent relationship is shaped by the experiences and perceived reactions of close family and friends
What is the Feminist explanation of DV?
- Feminist theories help to explain the motivation for violence perpetrated by men against women
- Point to cultural values that excuse or legitimise the use of violence against women in intimate partnerships
Helped move it out of the family
- Feminist theories situate offending and victimisation experiences in a larger cultural context
What are the strengths of the Feminist approach to explain DV?
Address gender inequalities; challenges male entitlement and privilege as well as the traditional notion that domestic abuse is a private family matter.
What are the limitations of the feminist approach to explain DV?
The assumption that all intimate abuse is heterosexual; that violence is a one-way street (male to female) (Mills, 2003 pp. 6-7)
What are the different types of IPV men experience?
Threats: 66% threats to harm
Intimidation: 57% Smashing property
Isolation: 84% restricting time spent with family and friends
Economic abuse: 71% controlling money
What is the impact of DV/IPV on men?
- Men suffer physical health problems, and many are severely injured
- Men also suffer the mental health problems that are associated with IPV
What are criticisms of using Feminist Theory to explain DV/IPV
- Patriarchy? Battered Women Syndrome: “It’s what all men do to all women”
- Danger of tunnel vision…Patriarchy, sexism, and the gendered perspective is relevant and an important paradigm to understanding IPV but as one explanation among many others.
- Bidirectionality: Many relationships have both parties interchanging between victimisation and perpetration. This highlights further the complex nature of relationships and domestic abuse situations.
