Lecture-Spinal column

Question 1

vertebral column

Answer 1

spinal nerves leave vertebral canal through intervertebral foramina

Question 2

cervical region

Answer 2

C1-C7

Question 3

C1

Answer 3

atlas
has no body or spinous process
has lateral masses w/large trans. processes

Question 4

C2

Answer 4

axis
has dens (odontoid process)

Question 5

cervical region

Answer 5

articular facets of superior/inferior articular processes lie between transverse and coronal planes

Question 6

C7

Answer 6

first spinous process you feel

is most prominent spinous process

Question 7

thoracic region

Answer 7

T1-T12
costal facets & demifacets articulate with head of rib
articular facets of sup/inf art. proc lie in coronal p

Question 8

lumbar region

Answer 8

L1-L5

articular facets of sup/inf art pro lie in sagittal plane

Question 9

sacral region

Answer 9

five fused bones

Question 10

coccygeal region

Answer 10

usually 4 bones which are fused

Question 11

primary/kyphotic curvature

Answer 11

concave anteriorly in thoracic and sacral regions

single in fetus and neonate

Question 12

secondary/lordotic

Answer 12

convex anteriorly

develop in cervical and lumbar regions

Question 13

costovertebral joints

Answer 13

synovial joints between head of rib and costal facet

ribs 11/12 with costal facets on pedicles of T11-12

Question 14

costotransverse joints

Answer 14

synovial joint between tubercle of ribs 1-10 and facet on trasverse processes T1-T10

Question 15

typical intervertebral joints between segement C2-S1

Answer 15

3 joints between adjacent vertebrae

Question 16

intervertebral disc

Answer 16

symphysis between vertebral bodies

Question 17

annulus fibrosus

Answer 17

outer wall of fibrocartilage

Question 18

nucleus pulposus

Answer 18

inner, more elastic, mass with high water content

Question 19

zygapophyses-facet joints

Answer 19

paired glliding synovial joints between facets on superior and inferior articular processes

Question 20

atlantooccipital joint

Answer 20

two synovial joints between superior facets of lateral masses of atlas and occipital condyles

Question 21

atlantoaxial joint

Answer 21

gliding joints between superior axis and inferior atlas facets

1 pivot joint between facet on dens and facet on anterior arch of atlas

Question 22

sacral joint

Answer 22

cartilaginous joints which become fused

Question 23

sacrococcygeal joint

Answer 23

cartilaginous joints which can be fused at old age

Question 24

intercoccygeal joints

Answer 24

cartilaginous joints which normally become synostoses post pubertally

Question 25

anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 25

sacrum to anterior arch of C1

connected to anterior vertebral bodies & anulus fibrosus

Question 26

posterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 26

sacrum to body of C2

connected to posterior vertebral bodies & anulus fibrosus

Question 27

supraspinous ligament

Answer 27

sacrum to C7

attached to tips of spinous processes

Question 28

ligamentum nuchae

Answer 28

thickened contiuation of supraspinous from C7 to external occipital protuberance

Question 29

interspinous & intertransverse ligaments

Answer 29

between adjacent spinous processes and adjacent transverse processes

Question 30

ligamentum flavum

Answer 30

paired bands between adjacent laminae with high content of elastic fibers

Question 31

cruciform ligament

Answer 31

strong transverse ligament of atlas between lateral masses

holds dents in place

Question 32

apical ligament

Answer 32

from apex of dens to anterior edge of foramen magnum

Question 33

tectorial ligament

Answer 33

posterior
(continuation of posterior long. lig.)
C2-anterior edge of foramen magnum

Question 34

anterior & posterior atlanto-occipital membranes

Answer 34

from arches of atlas to anterior & posterior lips of foramen magnum

Question 35

See notes on movements

Answer 35

all regions, different movements