lecture quiz #5

Question 1

what is the most challenging issue facing genome sequencing?

Answer 1

the ethics of using information from genomes at the individual level

Question 2

medical professionals can use personal genome sequence information to prescribe medications that will be most effective on the basis of the individual patient’s genotype. This is called

Answer 2

pharmacogenomics

Question 2

GMOs are created by ________.

Answer 2

introducing recombinant DNA into an organism by any means

Question 3

a protein signature is:

Answer 3

a unique set of proteins present in a diseased state

Question 4

sequencing an individual person’s genome

Answer 4

all of the above

Question 5

whole-genome sequencing can be used for advances in:
all of the above

Answer 5

all of the above

Question 6

what is a biomarker?

Answer 6

a protein that is uniquely produced in a diseased state

Question 7

polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique that scientists use to ____________ specific DNA regions for further analysis.

Answer 7

amplify

Question 8

insulin produced by molecular cloning:

Answer 8

is a recombinant protein

Question 9

scientists have genetically modified bacteria, plants, and animals since the early 1970s for academic, medical, agricultural, and industrial purposes. The organism that receives the recombinant DNA is a genetically modified organism (GMO). If the foreign DNA comes from a different species, the host organism is called ____________.

Answer 9

transgenic

Question 10

genomics can be used in agriculture to:

Answer 10

all of the above

Question 11

genetic recombination occurs by which process or processes?

Answer 11

independent assortment and crossing over

Question 12

scientists then transfer the fragments in the gel onto a nylon membrane in a procedure called blotting. Scientists can then probe the nucleic acid fragments that are bound to the membrane’s surface with specific radioactively or fluorescently labeled probe sequences. Which process is used to detect the presence of certain DNA sequences in a given genome?

Answer 12

southern blotting

Question 13

individual genetic maps in a given species are:

Answer 13

genetically similar

Question 14

The Flavr Savr Tomato:

Answer 14

all of the above

Question 15

because nucleic acids are negatively charged, the process of DNA electrophoresis will move the DNA fragments in which direction?

Answer 15

toward the positive electrode

Question 16

two key components of the DNA or RNA extraction process include:

Answer 16

lysis of the cell membrane and precipitation of the nucleic acid

Question 17

gene therapy can be used to introduce foreign DNA into cells ________.

Answer 17

of tissues to cure inheritable disease

Question 18

in 1996, what was the first successfully cloned animal?

Answer 18

sheep

Question 19

information obtained by microscopic analysis of stained chromosomes is used in:

Answer 19

cytogenetic mapping