Lecture Quiz 1 Flashcards
What was the theory of spontaneous generation? Explain how this theory was disproved.
Discredited belief that organisms can arise from non-living matter. Discredited belief that organisms can arise from non-living matter.
Give a few uses for microorganisms that benefit humans and the environment.
In humans it helps helps immune system distinguish “friendly” microbes from those that can cause severe disease. Microorganisms recycle and ensure the availability of certain nutrients.
List a few infectious disease epidemics that have had the greatest impact on U.S. and world history.
as infectious diseases that have newly appeared in a population or have existed but are rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. Influenza, smallpox, plague, and polio.
Define reemerging infectious disease and give at least three examples
Infectious diseases that were under control or were irradicated but begin to spread again, resulting in increased number of cases. measles, mumps, whooping cough
What is meant when we say that certain bacteria are antibiotic-resistant?
Occurs when bacteria change in some way that reduces or eliminates the effectiveness of drugs, chemicals, or other agents designed to cure or prevent infections.
What are the three Domains of Life?
- Bacteria - single-celled prokaryotes that have peptidoglycan in their cell wall
- Archea - Prokaryotic cell structure, move primarily by means of flagella, have a rigid cell wall.
- Eucarya - Eukaryotes, membrane-bound nucleus and other organelles.
Describe each of the five major groups of microorganisms?
Viruses, Bacteria, Archaea, Fungi, and Protists
What bacterial cells looks like this?
cocci (spherical)
What bacterial cells looks like this?
coccobacillus - rod so short that it can be mistaken as cocci
What bacterial cells looks like this?
vibrio - short, curved rod
What bacterial cells looks like this?
spirochete - long, helical cell with a flexible cell wall and a unique mechanism of motility
What bacterial cells looks like this?
spirochete - long, helical cell with a flexible cell wall and a unique mechanism of motility
Give several reasons why it is important to study prokaryotic cell structures.
- understanding how microbes survive
- selectively kill bacteria/inhibit growth without harming the human host.
- can be used to identify different species of bacteria
What is the main function of the cytoplasmic membrane for bacteria?
Phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins
Proteins = gates/channels/sensors of environmental conditions.
What is osmosis?
is the movement of water molecules from a solution with a high concentration of water molecules to a solution with a lower concentration of water molecules, through a cell’s partially permeable membrane.
What is a biofilm?
an assemblage of surface-associated microbial cells that is enclosed in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix. On your teeth, in sink drains and Slippery rocks
Describe passive and active transport systems in the cytoplasmic membrane
1) Passive
a) Simple Diffusion
b) Facilitated Diffusion
c) Osmosis (water only)
2) Active
a) Molecules
b) Particles