Lecture Questions Flashcards
What level does the PSA need to stay under for a negative screening result?
<4 ng/mL
What is the “gold” diagnostic test for men?
Prostrate Specific Antigen (PSA).
Other tests include testicular biopsy, semen analysis, prostatic smears, and cystoscopy.
At what age should pelvic exams start for females?
Start at age 20 (to 25) or when sexually active.
When does the American Cancer Society recommend annual mammograms start?
Age 40
In lecture Ms Egesi stated 35-40 for first baseline mammogram
What interventions can be done to reduce formation of cysts?
Eliminate methylxanthines (caffeine) Take vitamin E, Danazol (danocrine)
Chronic mastitis are fibrosis and cysts in the breast that are tender and painful. These are usually bilateral - true or false?
False: they are usually unilateral (one sided)
Mastitis is usually caused by:
- viral infection
- bacterial infection
- acute bacterial infection
- unknown cause
- acute bacterial infection
Benign intraductal papilloma’s occur most often in women ages:
- 30-45 years of age
- 35-50 years of age
- 40-55 years of age
- 45 to 60 years of age
- 40-55 years of age
Breast cancer is from an unknown cause (usually adenocarcinoma), with clinical manifestations of: (Select All That Apply)
- Change in skin color
- Soft, well-differentiated freely moveable lumps
- Puckering or dimpling of tissue
- Nipple discharge, retraction of tissue
- Axillary tenderness
- Change in skin color
- Puckering or dimpling of tissue
- Nipple discharge, retraction of tissue
- Axillary tenderness
Hormone therapy for women with breast cancer includes giving this hormone to starve the cancer.
Testosterone. Cancer usually feeds off estrogen in women.
Menarche is the beginning of menses for a girl. Approximately how long after breast development does a girl’s menses begin?
2 to 2 1/2 years.
Breast buds develop at approximately 10 years of age
Average age range for menses to start is 9-17 years of age
How long is the average flow, and when is the majority of the loss?
Average flow lasts 3 to 5 days. The majority of the flow is on day 2.
Average menstrual flow is _______ mL/cycle
Average flow is between 25 - 60 mL/cycle (35 in another note)
Amenorrhea is defined as absent or supressed menstrual flow. How long does menstrual flow need to be absent before amenorrhea is diagnosed? (Once mesntruation has begun in a girl)
At least 3 months
The following are interventions to manage dysmenorrhea: (Select All That Apply)
- Excercise
- Caffeine
- Heat packs to pelvic area
- Foods high in fiber
- Prostaglandin inhibitors
- Ice
- Excercise
- Heat packs to pelvic area
- Foods high in fiber
- Prostaglandin inhibitors
Menorrhagia is defined as excessive bleeding during the regular menstrual flow. How much menstruation classifies as menorrhagia?
At least one pad per hour
May need transfusion at least once per month
Metorrhagia is:
- Uterine bleeding between regular menstrual periods or after menopause
- Excessive bleeding during the regular menstrual flow
- Absent or suppressed menstrual flow
- Uterine pain with menstruation
- Uterine bleeding between regular menstrual periods or after menopause
- Excessive bleeding during the regular menstrual flow (menorrhagia)
- Absent or suppressed menstrual flow (amenorrhea)
- Uterine pain with menstruation (dysmenorrhea)
Which gland is related to PMS?
Anterior Pituitary Gland
Medical management for menopause includes: (Select All That Apply)
- Estrogen therapy (Premarin and Provera)
- Midol
- Progesterone
- Calcium supplements
- Estrogen therapy (Premarin and Provera)
4. Calcium supplements
Toxic Shock Syndrome is caused by:
- Use of tampons
- E. Coli
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Polyps
- Staphylococcus aureus
What is the most troublesome benign neoplasm?
- Ovarian cyst
- Bartholin cyst
- Cervical polyps
- Uterine leiomyoma
- Ovarian cyst
Uterine leiomyoma is the most common
What is a myomectomy?
Removal of a cyst in the uterus
What does TAH-BSO stand for?
Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
Used when cancer is present, followed with hormone therapy, radiation and chemotherapy
Puberty happens for boys at age ____ and girls at age ____ on average.
- Age 14
- Age 10
- Age 16
- Age 9
- Age 14 (boys)
4. Age 9 (girls)
What is the most common type of serous adenocarcinoma?
Ovarian cancer
This is the 4th most common cause of cancer deaths in women.
Diagnostic tests for ovarian cancer looks for:
- CA-125
- Increase in lymphocytes
- leiomyoma
- staphylococcus aureus
- CA-125 (Ovarian antibody)
Syphillis has an incubation period of:
- 2 weeks to 4 months
- 2 weeks to 2 months
- 3 weeks to 3 months
- 1 month to 4 months
- 3 weeks to 3 months
Rash on the palms and soles of feet are symptoms of which STI?
- Trichomoniasis
- Gonorrhea
- Chlamydia
- Syphilis
- Syphilis
Presents during the second stage, considered the hallmark symptom.
Which medication is the most effective in the treatment of syphilis?
- Amoxicillin
- Cephalosporins
- Benzathine Penicillin G
- Vancomycin
- Benzathine Penicillin G
Huge dose give IM
When is repeat testing done for syphilis?
6, 12, and 24 months.
Repeat treatment may be necessary
Gonorrhea is asymptomatic for both male and females? True or false?
False. Only asymptomatic in females.
The following medications are used in the treatment of gonorrhea. Which is the preferred one?
- Penicillin
- Rocephin
- Doxcyline
- Tetracycline
- Rocephin
Which medication is used in the treatment of genital herpes?
- Penicillin
- Cephalosporin
- Rocephin
- Acyclovir (Zovirax)
- Acyclovir (Zovirax)
Genital warts can be caused by certain types of what:
- HPV (Human papillomavirus)
- Infections
- Reaction to antibiotics
- Cancer
- HPV (Human papillomavirus)
What is the gold standard in testing for chlamydia?
- Molecular testing
- Culture
- Pap smear
- Blood test
- Culture
Molecular testing is also in use, but culture is the gold standard.
What is used to treat chlamydia?
- Acyclovir (Zovirax)
- Azithromycin
- Vancomycin
- Penicillin
- Azithromycin
Trichomoniasis is an STI that affects both men and women.
Both sexes clinical manifestations include: dysuria and urinary frequency, and pruritis. True or false?
True.
Women also have frothy gray, green or yellow malodorous discharge, spotting, menorrhagia, dysmenorrhea and edema.
Men also have purulent exudate and urethritis.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) includes which resultant infections: (Select All That Apply)
- Endometriosis
- Parametritis
- Cancer
- Oophoritis
- Trichomoniasis
- Endometriosis
- Parametritis
- Oophoritis
Also included are salpingitis, pertonitis, tubal or tubo-ovarian abscess
What two organisms are common causes of PID? (Select all that apply)
- Staph
- E Coli
- Mono
- Strep
- Staph
4. Strep
At what age do men experience a gradual decrease of testosterone and seminal fluid levels, leading to male climacteric?
- 45-60 years of age
- 55-70 years of age
- 50-65 years of age
- 70-85 years of age
- 55-70 years of age
Erectile dysfunction is classified as atonic when ED is caused from:
- “stage fright”
- shape
- overdevlopment
- lack of tone in the muscles
- lack of tone in the muscles
Nursing interventions and medical management of prostatitis include: (Select All That Apply)
- Sitz baths
- IV therapy
- Digital massage of the prostate
- Antibiotics
- Bed rest
- Sitz baths
- Digital massage of the prostate
- Antibiotics
Phimosis is a condition when:
- there is infection of the foreskin and glans penis
- prepuce is too small to allow retraction of the foreskin over the glans
- the epididymis is infected
- there is an acute infection of the prostate gland
- prepuce is too small to allow retraction of the foreskin over the glans
