Lecture One Flashcards
a _________ can be described as any substance in food that the body can use to synthesize tissues and obtain/create energy
nutrient
there are ___ types of nutrients
2
___________ nutrients; a substance that must be ingested, as the body cannot produce it enough on its own
essential
_____ ________ nutrients, a substance that the body requires on a daily basis but does not need to be ingested since the body can produce it on its own
non-essential
a ___________ is a nutrient that is needed in relatively large amounts in the diet
macronutrient
the 3 main groups include ________,_____ and _______
carbs, fats and proteins
_________ are often the major source of energy for our body
carbohydrates
the process of metabolism allows for proper ________ _______
cellular function
there are 2 main ________ _______ that take place at a cellular level
metabolic reactions
________ reactions break-down large organic molecules into smaller particles, therefore releasing the energy found in chemical bonds
catabolic
through catabolic reactions _____ is created
ATP
T/F depending on what molecule is broken down, the yield in ATP created will differ
true
T/F catabolic reactions are 100% efficient
false, usually the amount yielded is about 40% ATP
__________ increases blood glucose levels by breaking down fats and proteins
cortisol
________, stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver
glucagon
___________, stimulates the heart rate and respiratory rate, therefore leading to molecule breakdown to increase free glucose
adrenaline (epinephrine)
_________ reactions involves joining of small molecules to create larger ones
anabolic
T/F anabolic joining processes will require ATP that was formed from catabolic reactions
true
________ reactions create new molecules, cells, and tissues - i.e protein synthesis in muscle growth, development and repair
anabolic
_________ hormone, stimulates growth of cells, tissues and bones
growth
________-like grow factor, stimulates the growth of muscle and bone when inhibiting cell death (apoptosis)
insulin
__________, increases muscle mass and is bone strengthening
testosterone
__________, increases fat deposition (around organs, between muscles, in breast tissue etc)
estrogen
in summary, ___________ is the sum of all catabolic and anabolic reactions in the body
metabolism
___________ rate, is the amount of energy used to maintain life
metabolic
T/F humans must ingest sufficient food and nutrients to maintain their own metabolic rate
true
_________ _________ is the relationship between energy in food and energy out
energy balance
we convert potential energy that’s stored within our food into 3 major destinations, _________,________ and _________
heat, work, and storage
________ = energy output from daily physical activities, sleep and digestion
work
_______= byproduct of “burning” stored energy
heat
_________= when excess energy is consumed
storage
name 3 things impacted by energy balance
hormone production, metabolism and mood
__________ energy balance can lead to,
- decline in metabolism
- decreased bone mass
- reduction in thyroid hormones
- inability to concentrate
negative
T/F negative energy balance leads to weight loss
false
__________ energy balance, overfeeding, and or under-exercising can lead not only to weight loss but:
- plaque build-up in arteries
- blood pressure and cholesterol increase
- insulin resistance
positive
T/F nutrition counselling is within scope for RMTs
false
you must be a __________, __________ or _______ _______ to provide dietary advice etc
dietician, naturopath or holistic nutritionist
T/F RMTs can answer basic questions pertaining to nutrition and nutritional concepts
true
if your patient is asking you specific questions about a given topic, looking for a nutritional prescription or is suffering from an eating disorder, always ________ ______ to a dietician
refer out
T/F nutritionist is a protected title in Ontario
false, they do not have a regulatory body
T/F the term dietician is a protected title due to their regulatory body, similar to the CMTO
true
