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Nursing Intro > Lecture One > Flashcards

Lecture One Flashcards

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1
Q

Sources of data include:

A

-health history
-lab and test results
-physical assessment

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2
Q

In-depth health history includes

A

-patients demographic data
-allergies and reactions
-family history of disease
-patients health promotion practices

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3
Q

Types of data

A

Subjective and objective

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4
Q

Contemporary influences on nursing

A

-human rights
-affordable care act
-demographic changes
-medically underserved
-healthcare costs increasing

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5
Q

Loss of compassion due to burn out secondary to traumatic stress

A

Compassion fatigue

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6
Q

This occurs when perceived demands purest the perceived resources

A

Burnout

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7
Q

Compassion fatigue can lead to what

A

Lateral violence

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8
Q

This can occur between nurses when they are overwhelmed and make rude remarks and might have negative non verbal attitude

A

Lateral violence

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9
Q

The term patient can refer to who

A

-individual
-family
-community

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10
Q

Benners levels of proficiency

A

-novice
-advanced beginner
-competent
-proficiency
-Expert

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11
Q

Assessment involves what to form a complete database

A

-collecting info from pt or secondary source
-interpreting info
-validating info

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12
Q

Two stages of assessment

A

-collection and verification of data
-analysis of data

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13
Q

Sources of data

A

-patient
-family and significant others
-healthcare team
-medical records
-scientific literature

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14
Q

When collecting data from a patient how will you obtain it

A

-interview - health history
-observation
-physical examination

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15
Q

When collecting data from patients family what must you obtain first

A

Patients agreement

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16
Q

All information obtained goes into a database including

A

-pts perceived needs
-health problems
-responses to these problems

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17
Q

Types of assessments includes

A

-patient centered interview
-a physical exam
-period assessments

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18
Q

Critical thinking skills allow you to __________ relevant info and use it in a purposeful way

A

Synthesize

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19
Q

Information obtained through use of senses

A

Cue

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20
Q

Your judgement or interpretation of cues

A

Inference

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21
Q

Comprehensive patient history:

A
  1. General to specific
  2. Problem to oriented
    Focus on the presenting issue
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22
Q
A
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23
Q

what are the phases of an interview

A

-orientation and setting an agenda
-working phase
-termination phase

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24
Q

this type of interview is often used in counseling

A

motivation interviewing

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25
Q

effective communication requires what? (the four c’s of communication

A

-courtesy
-comfort
-connection
-confirmation

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26
Q

what phase of the interview is where you introduce yourself, your position, and explain the purpose of the interview

A

orientation and setting an agenda

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27
Q

what phase of the interview is when you listen and gather information

A

working phase

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28
Q

what phase of the interview summarizes the discussion and check for accuracy

A

termination

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29
Q

what part of the interview do you let the patient know the interview is coming to an end and you do it in a friendly manner

A

termination

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30
Q

during the termination phase you let a patient know the interview is coming to end and them let the patient know what

A

a time frame of when you will be back to provide nursing care

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31
Q

interview techniques

A

-observation
-open-ended questions
-leading questions
-back channeling
-direct close-ended questions

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32
Q

this prompts the patient to describe a situation in more than one or two words

A

open-ending questions

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33
Q

this can be risk and can limit info to what patient thinks you want to know

A

leading questions

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34
Q

use of active listening prompts such as “go on”

A

back channeling

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35
Q

limits to yes or no or a number

A

direct closed-ended questions

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36
Q

this is used to clarify info we already have or have been given by the patient

A

direct closed-ended questions

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37
Q

to conduct an accurate and complete assessment you need to considered a patient what

A

cultural background

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38
Q

when cultural differences exist between you and a patient respect the unfamiliar and be ____ to a patients uniqueness

A

sensitive

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39
Q

a patient is admitted to the hospital with shortness of breath. As the nurse assess this patient the nurse is using the process of:

A

data collection

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40
Q

components of the nursing health history

A

-biographical info
-patient expectations
-reason for seeking health care
-present illness or health concern
-health history
-family history
-psychosocial history
-spiritual health
-review of systems

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41
Q

what is the age, address, occupations, marital status, health care insurance

A

biographical info

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42
Q

you learn the patients concerns or problems

A

chief concern

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43
Q

find out what patients expect to happen to them while seeking treatments

A

patient expectations

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44
Q

determine when the problems began, how severe, intensity, quality, what makes it worse or better

A

present illness or health concerns

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45
Q

what is PQRST

A

provokes, quality, radiates, severity, time

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46
Q

provides you with info regarding the patients past history. family history data about immediate and blood relatives which determines risks of genetic or familial nature

A

health history

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47
Q

home environment workplace environment or exposure to pollutants

A

environmental history

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48
Q

support system, spouse, children, friends

A

psychosocial history

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49
Q

review with patients their beliefs about life, their source for guidance. also assess rituals and religious practices that patients use to express their spirituality

A

spiritual health

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50
Q

a systemic approach for collecting subjective info from patients about problems in each body system

A

review of systems

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51
Q

nursing health history includes

A

-biographical info
cheif concerns
present illness
health history
environmental history
psychosocial history
spiritual health
review of systems
diagnostic and lab data
interpreting and validating assessment data

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52
Q

interpreting and validating assessment data leads to what

A

second step of nursing process

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53
Q

data validation includes validating a patients report with what

A

a nursing observation or assessment

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54
Q

data validation can lead you to do what if you find something that does not go with the patient

A

reassess or gather additional info

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55
Q

Which scenario best illustrates the nurse using data validation when making a nursing clinical decision for a patient?
The nurse determines to remove a wound dressing when the patient reveals the time of the last dressing change and notices old and new drainage.
The nurse administers pain medicine due at 1700 at 1600 because the patient reports increased pain and the family wants something done.
The nurse immediately asks the health care provider for an order of potassium when a patient reports leg cramps.
The nurse elevates a leg cast when the patient reports decreased mobility.

A

A

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56
Q

what becomes the baseline for care

A

data documentation

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57
Q

what is a visual representation that allows you to graphically show the connections among a patients many health problems

A

concept mapping

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58
Q

it is important to closely observe a patients verbal and nonverbal behaviors to what

A

determine if they match what the chart says

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59
Q

observations direct you to gather additional objective information to form what

A

accurate conclusions about the patients condition

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60
Q

an important aspect of observation includes a patients level of function which includes

A

-the physical, developmental, psychological, social aspects of everyday living

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61
Q

the protecting, promotion and optimilization of health and abilites

A

how ANA defines nursing

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62
Q

part of the nursing process that determines your patients main problem

A

diagnosis

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63
Q

how do you gather nursing diagnosis

A

from clinical judgement

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64
Q

FOCUS ON __________ AND ILLNESS AND INJURY AND ALLEVAITION OF SUFFERING THROUGH DIAGNOSIS OF HUMAN RESPONSE AND _________ FOR THE CARE OF INDIVUDUALS FAMILIES COMMUNITIES AND POPULATIONS

A

-prevention
-advocating

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65
Q

what is the difference between medical diagnosis and nursing diagnosis

A

medical diagnosis deals with disease or medical condition and a nursing diagnosis deals with human response to actual or potential health problems and the life process

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66
Q

a collaborative problem will require what two things

A

nursing diagnosis and medication

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67
Q

3 types of problems for a nursing diagnosis

A

-focused problem
-risk for a problem
-health promotion

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68
Q

what should a nursing diagnosis include

A

problem
etiology
symptoms

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69
Q

This provides direction for individualized care of the client

A

a care plan

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70
Q

the care plan flows from each patients unique ________ and is organized by the patients ________

A

-assessment
-specific needs

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71
Q

in the care plan, as needs are met what happens to the care plan

A

it is updated

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72
Q

when is the nursing care plan done?

A

when the patient is admitted

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73
Q

how long will the actions of the care plan be done?

A

as long as the patient is admitted

74
Q

components of a care plan

A

-client database
-interviewing
-physical assessment
-diagnostic studies

75
Q

the nurse must complete a thorough _______ of client and their problems to create a care plan

A

assessment

76
Q

use _______ to provide what actions you will do and not do for specific patients

A

critical thinking

77
Q

pieces of a care plan

A

-diagnosis
-outcome/goal
-intervention

78
Q

what is the area of concern that nurses can treat/prevent/monitor of the care plan

A

diagnosis

79
Q

what is the appropriate goal for this patient part of the care plan

A

-outcome/goal

80
Q

what treatment is most effective part of the care plan

A

-intervention

81
Q

identifying the problem or need of specific patient

A

diagnosis

82
Q

a result of an achievable nursing intervention and client response

A

outcome/goal

83
Q

how can the nurse interject to achieve the expected outcome

A

intervention

84
Q

what do we use to create a nursing diagnosis for our patient

A

data collection

85
Q

a clinical judgement about actual or potential individual, family, or community experiences

A

a nursing diagnosis

86
Q

a nursing diagnosis can also be an individuals response to ________ or __________

A

-health problems
-life processes

87
Q

a nursing diagnosis is used to define the right place of care for the client and drives ______ and patient _______

A

-interventions
-outcomes

88
Q

nursing diagnosis allow for ________ among the care team members

A

clear communication

89
Q

nursing diagnosis will be out ______ about patient family or community

A

clinical judgement

90
Q

a nursing diagnosis has a more ______ understanding of the impact of a condition on a particular patient and his/her family than a medical diagnosis

A

holistic

91
Q

what provides info that gives all members of the health care team a common language for understanding patients needs

A

nursing diagnosis

92
Q

what does nanda stand for

A

north american nursing diagnosis organization international

93
Q

what is the professional organization of nurses involved in creating approved standardized nursing diagnoses

A

nanda-i

94
Q

the _______ process requires you to use critical thinking

A

diagnostic

95
Q

the diagnostic reasoning process involves using the ________ data gathered about a patient to logically explain a clinical judgement or a nursing diagnosis

A

assessment

96
Q

what are the three types of nanda-i diagnoses

A

actual problem focused nursing diagnosis
risk nursing diagnosis
health promotion nursing diagnosis

97
Q

describes human responses to health conditions or life processes

A

actual (problem focused) nursing diagnosis

98
Q

describes human responses to health conditions/life processes that may develop in a vulnerable individual

A

risk nursing diagnosis

99
Q

a clinical judgement of motivation, desire, and readiness to enhance well-being and actualize human health potential

A

health promotion nursing diagnosis

100
Q

what do you need for an actual (problem focused) nursing diagnosis

A

-problem
-etiology
-signs and symptoms

101
Q

what is the format for an actual nursing diagnosis

A

problem related to what is causing the problem as evidence by signs and symptoms

102
Q

what is used for a risk for nursing diagnosis

A

potential problem
signs and symptoms

103
Q

what is not used for a risk for nursing diagnosis and why

A

no etiology because this is not an actual problem yet

104
Q

what is the format for a risk for nursing diagnosis

A

potential problem as evidence by three signs and symptoms

105
Q

what is included in a readiness for nursing diagnosis

A

-potential health promotion
-signs and symptoms

106
Q

what is different about a readiness for diagnosis than the other two?

A

the patient is wanting to make a change

107
Q

what is the format for a readiness for nursing diagnosis

A

health promotion (readiness for) _____ as evidence by 3 signs and symptoms including desire on patients part

108
Q

common nanda-i nursing diagnoses

A

-acute pain
-activity intolerance
-anxiety
-impaired gas exchanged
-impaired skin integrity
-impaired physical mobility
-decreased cardiac output
-deficient fluid volume

109
Q

how do you prioritize nursing diagnoses

A

-abc’s first
-maslows second

110
Q

which diagnoses are not a priority

A

risk diagnoses

111
Q

which are the most important things to remember on maslows chart

A

-breathing
-food
-water
-sex
-sleep
-homeostasis
-excretion

112
Q

what are the five levels of maslows bottom to top

A

-physiological
-safety
-love/belonging
-esteem
-self-actualization

113
Q

classification of priorities

A

high - emergent life threatening
intermediate - non life threatening
low - affect patients future well-being

114
Q

what are considered low priority for diagnosis

A

risk for and health promotion

115
Q

what should always come first when making a nursing diagnosis

A

the patients current problem or anything life threatening

116
Q

if the patient has any changes in their presentation first _______ then _______

A

assess
determine nursing diagnosis for new assessment and plan for new goal and interventions

117
Q

nursing is both a ______ and ________

A

-art
-science

118
Q

primary goal of nursing is to what

A

respond to the needs of patients

119
Q

science in nursing is what

A

evidenced based practice and a body of knowledge that is always changing

120
Q

knowledge of this history of the nursing profession increases your ability to understand the _____ and ______ origins of the discipline

A

-social
-intellectual

121
Q

who is the mother of modern nursing

A

florence nightingale

122
Q

florence nightingale was the first practicing what

A

epidemiologist

123
Q

what did florence organize

A

first school of nursing

124
Q

what did florence improve

A

sanitation in battlefield hospitals

125
Q

what is florence known as

A

lady with the lamp

126
Q

florence ______ information and kept record on ________ and the effects on health

A

collected
sanitation

127
Q

what did florence take into consideration

A

the patient, the patients environment and how it affected the patient

128
Q

florence’s practices remain what

A

a basic part of nursing today

129
Q

who was the founder of the red cross

A

clara barton

130
Q

who organized ambulance services

A

mother bickerdyke

131
Q

who walked battlefield at night looking for wounded soldiers

A

mother bickerdyke

132
Q

who was the prominent female in the underground railroad movement and helped free slaves

A

harriet tubman

133
Q

who was the first professionally trained african american nurse

A

mary mahoney

134
Q

who brough forth awareness of cultural diversity

A

mary mahoney

135
Q

who opened the henry street settlement

A

lilliam walk and mary brewster

136
Q

lillian wald and mary brewster worked in henry street settlement and were some of the first to demonstrate what

A

autonomy in their practice

137
Q

when did nurses assume advanced practice roles

A

20th century

138
Q

what else happened in the 20th century

A

a movement toward developing a scientific, research-based practice and defined body of knowledge

139
Q

when did changes in nursing school curriculum occur

A

21st century

140
Q

what changes happened with nursing in the 21st century

A

-changes in nursing school curriculum
-advances in technology and informatics
-new programs address current health concerns
-nursing is taking a leadership role in developing standards and policies

141
Q

new programs address current health concerns and focus on what

A

-supporting nursing scholars
-decreasing the nursing shortage
-improving the health of the nations population

142
Q

a type of burnout that can affect quaility of care, and the health and wellness of nurses

A

compassion fatigue

143
Q

current influences on nursing

A

-human rights
-affordable care act
-rising health care costs
-demographic changes
-medically underserved

144
Q

the right to health and right to think

A

human rights

145
Q

presents challenges to the nursing profession, consumer, and health care delivery system

A

rising health care costs

146
Q

movement of people from rural to urban areas, increased life span, increases in patients living with chronic and long term illnesses

A

demographic changes

147
Q

people on unemployment, have low paying jobs, mental illnesses and are homeless

A

medically underserved

148
Q

affects how health care is paid for and delivered more nursing in community based settings

A

affordable care act

149
Q

nursing requires what three things

A

-current knowledge and practice standards
-insightful and compassionate standards
-critical thinking

150
Q

benners stages of nursing proficiency

A

-novice
-advanced beginner
-competent
-proficient
-expert

151
Q

nursing students, nurse entering a position with no experience

A

novice

152
Q

some level of experience as a nurse

A

advanced beginner

153
Q

2-3 years of the same clinical experience

A

competent

154
Q

more than 2-3 years of experience in the same clinical position

A

proficient

155
Q

diverse experience take time and commitment to become an expert 10 years

A

expert

156
Q

what type of nurse is focused on managing care vs performing skills

A

proficient

157
Q

what is the goal of nursing

A

to improve the health and well-being of all individuals communites and populations through the significant and visible contributions of registered nursing using standards-based practice

158
Q

ANA six standards of practice

A

-assessment
-diagnosis
-outcomes identification
-planning
-implementation
-evaluation

159
Q

what is the foundation of clinical decision making

A

the nursing process

160
Q

initiation of nursing interventions without medical orders

A

-autonomy

161
Q

responsible profession as well as legally for the quaility of care we deliver making sure we are providing competent nursing care

A

accountability

162
Q

meet or maintain health, regain health and find maximum level of independence through the healing process includes patients emotional, social and spiritual wellbeing

A

caregiver

163
Q

protect our patients human and legal rights and also helping them asserting their rights like making sure they understand a procedure

A

advocate

164
Q

teach patients about their health and how to manage it provide teaching in a level they can understand

A

educator

165
Q

essential part of nursing to gain trust with patient and effective communication with healthcare team

A

communicator

166
Q

coordinate activities and safe and quality care

A

manager

167
Q

roles and responsibilities of nursing profession

A

-autonomy
-accountability
-caregiver
-educator
-manager
-advocate
-communicator

168
Q

essential nursing skills include:

A

-time management
-therapeutic communication
-patient education
-compassionate implementation of bedside skills

169
Q

registered nurse education types

A

-two year associates degree
-four year baccalaureate degree

170
Q

graduate nursing education

A

-masters degree
-advanced practice RN
-doctoral degrees

171
Q

what is the most common form of continuing knowledge for nurses

A

-continuing education (CEUs)
-in service education

172
Q

how many hours in a two year period do nurses need of continuing education courses to keep license

A

typically 30 hours

173
Q

advanced practice registered nurses

A

-clinical nurse specialist
-certified nurse practitioner
-certified nurse midwife
-certified registered nurse anesthetist

174
Q

additional career development for nurses

A

-advanced practice registered nurses
-nurse educator
-nurse administrator
-nurse researcher

175
Q

who are nurse practice acts overseen by

A

state boards of nursing

176
Q

what regulates scope of nursing practice

A

-nurse practice acts

177
Q

nurse practice acts protect public ______, ______ and _____

A

-health
-safety
-welfare

178
Q

what do professional nursing organizations do

A

-address member concerns
-present educational programs
-publish journals

179
Q

professional nursing organizations include

A

-national league for nursing
-american nurses association
-international council of nursing

180
Q

student organizations

A

national student nurses association

181
Q

what lead to changes in nursing

A

-increased technology
-new demographic patterns
-consumerism
-health promotion
-womens and humans rights movements

182
Q

what provides the guidelines for implementing and evaluating nursing care

A

nursing standards

Nursing Intro (1 decks)

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