Lecture on History of the European Union Flashcards
What was the prime concern after World War II?
How can Europe avoid another war?
What were three schools of thought implying the three different solutions?
- German Deindustrialization
- Communism
- European Integration
What did the rejection of the Soviet Vision by America and Britain lead to?
Cold War
What plan did the US suggest for economic recovery?
(1948) Marshall Plan
What organisation was founded to administer the Marshall plan and prompt trade liberalization?
European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)
What did the OEEC lead to?
It advanced European integration, by removing quotas on intra-OEEC trade and establishing the European Payments Union
What did the need to embed Germany in a European supranational structure lead to?
It led to the founding of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC, 1951) - they place their coal and steel secturs under control of a supranational authority
What attempts for european integration failed in between 1951 and 1957?
The creation of the European Defence Community (EDC) and the European Political Community?
Riding on the success of the ESCS, the “six” commited to form a customs union, what was it called?
The European Economic Community (EEC, 1957)
What did the European Economic Community (EEC, 1957) promise?
- Free labour mobility
- Capital market intgration
- Free trade in services
- Range of common policies
What did the EEC lead to compared to non-EEC europeans?
Discrimination to non-EEC europeans, including OEEC
What free trade area was opposed to EEC, which was a customs union?
the European Free Trade Assocation (EFTA, 1960)
What is intergovernmentalism?
Nations retains all sovereignty, (economic) cooperation only when necessary and agreed upon (OEEC and EFTA, Council Of Europe (1949) and the Court of Human RIghts (1950)
What is federalism?
Embed nations in a supranational structure (EEC, EDC, EPC), embodied with some of the powers that had traditionally been exercised exclusively by nations
What did the first years of European Integration after WW II mainly involve?
Geo-strategic thinking
What did falling trade barriers within the EEC and within EFTA (but not between) lead to?
Discrimination
Firms based in the remaing EFTA would suffer a disadvantage and industries pushed their government to address this situation: what did this result in?
A set of bilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) between each remaining EFTA nation and the EEC
What were the causes of Euro-pessimism 1.0 in the 1970’s?
- Political shocks such as the luxembourg compromise and unanimity
- Economic shocks such as Bretton Woods falling apart and 1973 + 1979 oil price shocks
What was the Single European Market (SMP)?
The Single European Market (SMP), also known as the Single Market, is an integrated market within the European Union (EU) that allows for the free movement of goods, services, capital, and people among EU member states.
Who launched completion of the internal market?
Jacques Delors
What kind of institutional changes did SMP lead to?
- European Community (EC) / European Union
- Majority Voting
What are the basic elements of the Single Market Programme (SMP)?
- Goods trade liberalization
- Factor trade liberalization
What was the European Economic Area (EEA)
An extension of the single market by incorporating Norway, Iceland and Liechtenstein
What was the swiss solution?
Complicated set of bilateral, EEA-like treaties with the EU
