Lecture Notes Flashcards
Name three elements common to all communication methods
- Source or sender
- Destination or receiver
- Channel or media
Name 4 protocols necessary for effective communication
- An identified sender and receiver
- Common Language and grammar
- Speed and timing of delivery
- confirmation or acknowledgement requirements
Give five examples of what protocols used in network communications define
- Message encoding
- Message delivery options
- Message formatting and encapsulation
- Message timing
- Message size
Explain the four steps in message encoding
- Encoding between hosts must be in appropriate format for the medium.
- Messages are first converted into bits by the sending host.
- Each bit is encoded into a pattern of sounds, light waves, or electrical impulses depending on the network media.
- The destination host receives and decodes the signals in order to interpret the message.
Explain four points of message formatting and encapsulation
- There is an agreed format for letters and addressing letters which is required for proper delivery.
- Putting the letter into the addressed envelope is called encapsulation
- Each computer message is encapsulated in a specific format, called a frame, before it is sent over the network.
- A frame acts like an envelope providing destination address and source address.
Explain 4 rules regarding message size.
- Long messages must be broken into smaller pieces to travel across a network.
- Each piece is sent in a separate frame.
- Each frame has its own addressing information.
- A receiving host will reconstruct multiple frames into the original message.
Explain the term Access Method
Hosts on a network need to know when to begin sending messages and how to respond when collisions occur.
Explain Flow Control
Source and destination hosts use flow control to negotiate correct timing to avoid overwhelming the destination and ensure information received.
What is response timeout
Hosts on a network have rules that specify how long to wait for responses and what action to take if a response timeout occurs.
What is a unicast message?
Unicast message refers to one-to-one delivery.
What is a multicast message?
A mulitcast message refers to a one-to-many delivery
What is a broadcast message?
A broadcast message refers to a one-to-all delivery
What are networking protocols?
Networking protocols define a common format and set of rules for exchanging messages between devices.
Name three common networking protocols.
- Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
- Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
- Internet Protocol (IP)
What protocols are involved in a communication between a web server and client?
Communication between a web server and client involves HTTP, TCP, IP, and Ethernet protocols.
What is HTTP?
HTTP is an application protocol that governs the way a web server and a web client interact.
What is TCP?
TCP - transport protocol that manages individual conversations.
What is IP?
IP encapsulates the TCP segments into packets, assigns addresses, and delivers to the destination host.
What is ethernet?
Ethernet allows communication over a data link and the physical transmission of data on the network media.
What is a protocol suite?
A protocol suit is a set of protocols that work together to provide comprehensive network communication services, which may be specified by a standards organization or developed by a vendor.
