lecture notes Flashcards

1
Q

collects, purifies, and distributes the fixed supply of water

A

the hydrolic cycle

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2
Q

driven by specialized bacteria

A

the nitrogen cycle

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3
Q

based on CO2 gas

A

the carbon cycle

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4
Q

slower cycle that doesn’t include the atmosphere

A

the phosphorus cycle

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5
Q

found in the air, taken in directly by plant leaves, and burning fuel moves it to the air from underground

A

carbon

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6
Q

found in soil, bacteria drive the cycle, and fertilizer moves it to soil while burning moves it to air

A

nitrogen

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7
Q

found in rock, no atmospheric content, and fertilizer use adds it to waterways

A

phosphorus

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8
Q

the global water cycle and how it works; the technologies for managing and controlling water use; public policies for governing water use

A

water quantity

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9
Q

water pollution and its consequences; sewage treatment technologies; public policies for dealing with water pollution issues

A

water quality

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10
Q

Water use conflict between Georgia, Alabama, and Florida over the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) River Basin

A

Tri-State Water Dispute

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11
Q

any matter or energy released into the water that causes undesirable impacts on the health and well-being of humans or other organisms

A

water pollution

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12
Q

single, identifiable source of pollution

A

point source

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13
Q

poorly defined, diffuse sources of pollution

A

nonpoint source

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14
Q

The entire area of land from which water drains into a particular body of water (i.e. river, lake, stream, or wetland)

A

watershed

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15
Q
  • Nutrient that is essential for all life.

- Continuously cycling through plants, animals, and the environment to support life

A
  • Nitrogen/Nitrate

- Phosporus

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16
Q

loose particles of sand, clay, silt, and other substances

A

sediment

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17
Q
  • Essential minerals required for life

- can harm fish and plant life at highconcentrations

18
Q
  • Substances used by individuals for personal health or cosmetic reasons
  • Detected in water bodies throughout theworld
A

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs)

19
Q

systematic use of living organisms or their responses to determine the quality of the aquatic environment

A

biomonitering

20
Q

boundary where air shifts from cooling to warming

A

tropopause

21
Q

“global sunscreen” - keeps ~95% of harmful UV radiation from reaching earth’s surface

A

ozone layer

22
Q

short-term atmospheric conditions of any given area

23
Q

result of long-term weather patterns in a region

24
Q
  • equatorial
  • warm, moist air rising
  • heavy rainfall
A

hadley cells

25
* arid climate - 30º latitude * moist climate - 60º latitude * arid climate - polar regions
ferrel cells and polar cells
26
curving global wind patterns
coriolis effect
27
Small amounts of certain gases in the atmosphere play a role in determining the earth’s average temperatures and thus its climates. These gases allow mostly visible light and some infrared and UV radiation from the sun to pass through the atmosphere.
greenhouse gases
28
Without the warming caused by these greenhouse gases, the earth would be a cold and mostly lifeless planet
greenhouse effect
29
This pattern acts as a giant conveyor belt, moving water masses from the warm surface to cold depths and back again
thermohaline circulation pattern
30
substances in the atmosphere that have harmful effects on organisms, ecosystems, or human-made materials
air pollution
31
organic chemicals that can vaporize into the air
volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
32
very small solid and liquid particles suspended in the air
particulate matter (PM)
33
the suspended particles
aeorsols
34
chemicals or particles directly emitted from identifiable sources
primary pollutants
35
chemicals or particles produced in the atmosphere as result of reactions among chemicals or aerosols
secondary pollutants
36
secondary pollutants whose formation is facilitated by sunlight
photochemicals
37
long-term variations in climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation
climate change
38
gases that efficiently capture heat in the troposphere (water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide)
greenhouse gases
39
the absorption of radiation by greenhouse gases and trapping of that heat in the troposphere
greenhouse effect
40
a level of change in system properties beyond which a system reorganizes, often abruptly, and does not return to the initial state even if the drivers of the change are abated
tipping point
41
a critical threshold when global climate changes from one stable state to another stable state
climate tipping point
42
refers to the phenomena of a stand of trees losing health and dying without an obvious cause
forest dieback