lecture notes

Question 1

What is binary fission?

Answer 1

The basis of population growth
doubling - elongate - complete separation

Question 2

what is mitosis?

Answer 2

Cell growth (only occurs in eukaryotes, plant and animal cells)

Question 3

What are split cells known as?

Answer 3

Daughter cells

Question 4

The time required for a complete fission cycle

Answer 4

generation of doubling time

Question 5

What does each new fission cycle increase by?

Answer 5

A factor of 2

Question 6

what is the average generation time?

Answer 6

30 to 60 minutes, some 10 to 12 min

Question 7

psychrophiles

Answer 7

cold-loving

Question 8

mesophiles

Answer 8

middle loving

Question 9

thermophiles

Answer 9

heat loving

Question 10

acidophiles

Answer 10

Grow in acidic environments 0.1-5.4

Question 11

neutrophiles

Answer 11

Grow at neutral pH 5.4-8.5

Question 12

alkaphile

Answer 12

grow at alkaline pH 7-12 or higher

Question 13

what pH level do most bacteria prefer?

Answer 13

neutral 6.5-7.5

Question 14

What are the chemical requirements for growth?

Answer 14

ATP for cellular processes
CARBON for the production of macromolecules
OXYGEN for metabolism
NITROGEN for amino acid synthesis
SULFUR for vitamins, amino acids, structural stability of proteins

Question 15

Requires O2

Answer 15

Obligate aerobes

Question 16

Grows with or without O2

Answer 16

Facultative anaerobes

Question 17

Does not require O2

Answer 17

Obligate anaerobes

Question 18

Nutritional material prepared for microbial growth in a lab
-must be sterile
-appropriate nutrients
-Incubated at proper temperature

Answer 18

Culture Medium

Question 19

Introduced to medium (broth or solid)

Answer 19

Inoculum

Question 20

The act of cultivating microorganisms, creating an environment for microbial growth

Answer 20

Culture

Question 21

Adding additional nutrients for growth

Answer 21

Enriched medium

Question 22

Selects one specific type of organism to grow while inhibiting most others

Answer 22

Specific medium

Question 23

Allows for differentiation when a color change has occurred based on a pH change

Answer 23

Differential medium

Question 24

Stages in the microbial growth curve

Answer 24

1. Lag phase
2. Exponential growth phase
3. Stationary phase
4. Rapidly declining phase
5. Death

Question 25

Cells recognize conditions

Answer 25

lag phase

Question 26

Cells begin to double, more cells growing than dying

Answer 26

Exponential growth phase

Question 27

Equal amount of cells growing and dying

Answer 27

Stationary phase

Question 28

Cells begin to die

Answer 28

Rapidly declining phase

Question 29

Most cellular activity stops

Answer 29

Death

Question 30

Bactericidal

Answer 30

Kills microbes

Question 31

Bacteriostatic

Answer 31

Stops the growth of certain microbes

Question 32

What is the purpose of bactericidal and bacteriostatic antimicrobials?

Answer 32

Their effectiveness comes from an ability to interact with essential cellular components on the microbe and make them nonfunctional

Question 33

3 Common cleaning agents

Answer 33

• Anti-bacterial hand soap
• Hand sanitizer
• Betadine

Question 34

What percent of alcohol is best?

Answer 34

70%

Question 35

How to calculate the magnification of a microscope

Answer 35

It is determined by multiplying the magnifying power of the eyepiece by the magnifying power of the objective lens

ex) value of eye piece: 10x Value of lens: 4x
Total magnifying power= 10 x 4 = 40x