Lecture Mid Term 2

Question 1

What is the locus of a gene

Answer 1

Location of gene

Question 2

What is a dominant allele

Answer 2

Always expressed

Question 3

What is a recessive allele

Answer 3

Only expressed if it’s the only allele

Question 4

What is a co-dominant

Answer 4

2 alleles that are expressed equally

Question 5

What is incomplete dominance

Answer 5

Both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed

Question 6

What is a genotype

Answer 6

All the genes of an organism

Question 7

What is a phenotype

Answer 7

The physical look – what the organism looks like

Question 8

What is heterozygous

Answer 8

2 different alleles

Question 9

What is homozygous

Answer 9

2 of the same alleles

Question 10

What is a centromere

Answer 10

Holds 2 sister chromatids togethrr

Question 11

What happens during prophase of mitosis?

Answer 11

Sister chromatids crossover

Question 12

What happens during prometa phase of mitosis

Answer 12

The nuclear membrane disintegrates

Question 13

What happens during metaphase of mitosis? What lines up on the metaphase plate?

Answer 13

Sister chromitids align on the metaphase plate

Question 14

What happens during telophase of mitosis?

Answer 14

Nuclear membrane re forms and the chromosomes relax

Question 15

Are human cells diploid or haploid after mitosis

Answer 15

Diploid

Question 16

What is the proper name for a rod shaped bacteria

Answer 16

Bacilli

Question 17

What is the proper name for sphere shaped bacteria

Answer 17

Coccus

Question 18

Do bacteria have true organelles?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

What is the size of a bacteria compared to a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 19

About 1/10th the size of

Question 20

What are plasmids?

Answer 20

Double stranded DNA molecules

Question 21

What kind of genes are on plasmids
Why do they concern scientists

Answer 21

Genes for managing their own lifecycles

Bring antibiotic resistant

Question 22

What is the shape of the bacterial chromosome?

Answer 22

Circular molecule

Question 23

What does the flagella do for bacteria

Answer 23

Motility

Question 24

What are pili
What are fimbriae

Answer 24

Pili- fine hair like microfibers- thick tubular structure

Finbriae- tiny bristle like fibers emerging from the surface of the bacterial cells

Question 25

What is a capsule for bacteria? What is the benefit to bacteria?

Answer 25

Outer layer of polysaccharides that cover the cells of bacterial species Protects them from toxic compounds

Question 26

What is the micro biome

Answer 26

A collection of all the microbes that naturally live in and on our bodies

Question 27

What is probiotic

Answer 27

Helpful bacteria in the gut

Question 28

What is pre biotics

Answer 28

Food for probiotics

Question 29

What are anabolic reactions

Answer 29

Making pathways

Question 30

What are catabolic reactions

Answer 30

Breaking pathways

Question 31

What is glycolysis

Answer 31

Glucose breaking

Question 32

What is Krebs/ citric acid/ TCA cycle (all the same)

Answer 32

Changed carbon backbone in sugar

Question 33

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 33

Aerobic- with oxygen and slowly release more energy Anaerobic-without oxygen and quickly releases less oxygen

Question 34

What is electron transport chain?

Answer 34

Electrons are transported from one protein to another through a membrane

Question 35

Where and how is the majority of ATP made in a cell?

Answer 35

Cellular respiration in mitochondrial matrix

Question 36

What are the three main shapes of bacteria?

Answer 36

Rod, spiral, spherical

Question 37

What is the function of the nucleus

Answer 37

DNA storage

Question 38

In what type of cells would organelles be found?

Answer 38

Eukaryotic cells

Question 39

What is the shape of eukaryotic chromosomes?

Answer 39

Linear

Question 40

In which organelle is eukaryotic chromosomes, found

Answer 40

Nucleus

Question 41

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 41

Site of lipid synthesis

Question 42

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 42

Site of translation, proteins are translated into the lumen

Question 43

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Answer 43

Shipping center of a cell

Question 44

What is the function of the lysosome

Answer 44

Digestive vesicles/enzymes

Question 45

What is mitosis?

Answer 45

Cell division that makes identical daughter cells

Question 46

How many copies of each chromosome do most eukaryotic cells have?

Answer 46

2

Question 47

What is diploid?

Answer 47

Two copies of each gene

Question 48

What is haploid?

Answer 48

Single set of chromosomes

Question 49

What are homologous chromosomes

Answer 49

Same genes, different alleles

Question 50

How do alleles differ from genes

Answer 50

Alleles are variations of genes

Question 51

What is a chromosome?

Answer 51

DNA molecules with genes on them

Question 52

What is a sister chromatid?

Answer 52

Two chromatid copies of a single chromosome held together at a centromere

Question 53

What is the locus of a gene?

Answer 53

Where the gene is located

Question 54

Are human cells diploid, or haploid after meiosis?

Answer 54

Haploid

Question 55

What is meiosis

Answer 55

Generates genetically different gametes

Question 56

What is a tetrad

Answer 56

4 - 2 homologous chromosomes

Question 57

What happens during prophase one of meiosis?

Answer 57

The nuclear envelope breaksdown

Question 58

What happens during anaphase one and two of meiosis ( what is being pulled apart?)

Answer 58

 homologous chromosomes are separated