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Lecture 2 > Lecture Mid Term 2 > Flashcards

Lecture Mid Term 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the locus of a gene

A

Location of gene

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2
Q

What is a dominant allele

A

Always expressed

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3
Q

What is a recessive allele

A

Only expressed if it’s the only allele

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4
Q

What is a co-dominant

A

2 alleles that are expressed equally

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5
Q

What is incomplete dominance

A

Both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed

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6
Q

What is a genotype

A

All the genes of an organism

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7
Q

What is a phenotype

A

The physical look – what the organism looks like

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8
Q

What is heterozygous

A

2 different alleles

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9
Q

What is homozygous

A

2 of the same alleles

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10
Q

What is a centromere

A

Holds 2 sister chromatids togethrr

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11
Q

What happens during prophase of mitosis?

A

Sister chromatids crossover

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12
Q

What happens during prometa phase of mitosis

A

The nuclear membrane disintegrates

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13
Q

What happens during metaphase of mitosis? What lines up on the metaphase plate?

A

Sister chromitids align on the metaphase plate

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14
Q

What happens during telophase of mitosis?

A

Nuclear membrane re forms and the chromosomes relax

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15
Q

Are human cells diploid or haploid after mitosis

A

Diploid

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16
Q

What is the proper name for a rod shaped bacteria

A

Bacilli

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17
Q

What is the proper name for sphere shaped bacteria

A

Coccus

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18
Q

Do bacteria have true organelles?

A

Yes

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19
Q

What is the size of a bacteria compared to a eukaryotic cell?

A

About 1/10th the size of

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20
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Double stranded DNA molecules

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21
Q

What kind of genes are on plasmids
Why do they concern scientists

A

Genes for managing their own lifecycles

Bring antibiotic resistant

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22
Q

What is the shape of the bacterial chromosome?

A

Circular molecule

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23
Q

What does the flagella do for bacteria

A

Motility

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24
Q

What are pili
What are fimbriae

A

Pili- fine hair like microfibers- thick tubular structure

Finbriae- tiny bristle like fibers emerging from the surface of the bacterial cells

25
Q

What is a capsule for bacteria? What is the benefit to bacteria?

A

Outer layer of polysaccharides that cover the cells of bacterial species

Protects them from toxic compounds

26
Q

What is the micro biome

A

A collection of all the microbes that naturally live in and on our bodies

27
Q

What is probiotic

A

Helpful bacteria in the gut

28
Q

What is pre biotics

A

Food for probiotics

29
Q

What are anabolic reactions

A

Making pathways

30
Q

What are catabolic reactions

A

Breaking pathways

31
Q

What is glycolysis

A

Glucose breaking

32
Q

What is Krebs/ citric acid/ TCA cycle (all the same)

A

Changed carbon backbone in sugar

33
Q

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

Aerobic- with oxygen and slowly release more energy

Anaerobic-without oxygen and quickly releases less oxygen

34
Q

What is electron transport chain?

A

Electrons are transported from one protein to another through a membrane

35
Q

Where and how is the majority of ATP made in a cell?

A

Cellular respiration in mitochondrial matrix

36
Q

What are the three main shapes of bacteria?

A

Rod, spiral, spherical

37
Q

What is the function of the nucleus

A

DNA storage

38
Q

In what type of cells would organelles be found?

A

Eukaryotic cells

39
Q

What is the shape of eukaryotic chromosomes?

A

Linear

40
Q

In which organelle is eukaryotic chromosomes, found

A

Nucleus

41
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Site of lipid synthesis

42
Q

What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Site of translation, proteins are translated into the lumen

43
Q

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

A

Shipping center of a cell

44
Q

What is the function of the lysosome

A

Digestive vesicles/enzymes

45
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division that makes identical daughter cells

46
Q

How many copies of each chromosome do most eukaryotic cells have?

A

2

47
Q

What is diploid?

A

Two copies of each gene

48
Q

What is haploid?

A

Single set of chromosomes

49
Q

What are homologous chromosomes

A

Same genes, different alleles

50
Q

How do alleles differ from genes

A

Alleles are variations of genes

51
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

DNA molecules with genes on them

52
Q

What is a sister chromatid?

A

Two chromatid copies of a single chromosome held together at a centromere

53
Q

What is the locus of a gene?

A

Where the gene is located

54
Q

Are human cells diploid, or haploid after meiosis?

A

Haploid

55
Q

What is meiosis

A

Generates genetically different gametes

56
Q

What is a tetrad

A

4 - 2 homologous chromosomes

57
Q

What happens during prophase one of meiosis?

A

The nuclear envelope breaksdown

58
Q

What happens during anaphase one and two of meiosis ( what is being pulled apart?)

A

 homologous chromosomes are separated

Lecture 2 (1 decks)

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