Lecture Material Flashcards
What is health?
Absence is of illness or disease (WHO)
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of illness or infirmity
Dimensions of health
Spiritual, social, physical and mental
Prerequisites for Health (WHO)
Peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable eco-system, sustainable resources, social justice and equity
Determinants of health
Social and economic - income and social status
Education
Physical environment - safe water, community and home, healthy workplace
Social support networks
Genetics
Personal behaviour and coping skills
Biomedical Approach to health
High risk groups Screening Healthcare delivery Health problems defined in terms of disease categories and physiological risk factors Scientific Objective Evidence based
Behavioural approaches toward health
Lifestyle focus
Programs daycare and support individuals to change
Health problems defined in terms of high-risk attitudes and behaviours
Socio-environmental approach to health
High-risk conditions
How individuals adapt or change
Health problems defined in terms of risk factor and socio-environmental conditions (poverty, income gap, isolation, powerlessness, pollution, stressful environment)
What is Lifestyle Counselling?
Motivation
Advice others to live a healthy life
Help others to explore their options
Tailoring and being mindful of our audience
Taking a holistic perspective to tackle issues
What are the benefits or challenges of lifestyle counselling?
Empirically grounded
Ability to address risk of chronic disease
Improve health behaviours
Promoting autonomy for health
Fosters a collaborative, supportive relationship
Shift focus from treatment to prevention
Enables a whole person approach
What are the ABCD’s of lifestyle counselling?
Assess - understanding and motivational interviewing (MI)
Barriers - address and reduce barriers of change
Commit - SMART goals, health behaviours and employ self-efficacy
Demonstrate - progress, celebrate achievement and understand setbacks
What tools are needed to apply the ABCD’s?
Open ended questions Active listening Reflection Do not achieve advice Championing and acknowledging Focus on feelings
What are the 5 A’s?
Ask Assess Advice Agree Assist
What is ASK of the 5 A’s?
Ask: Ask for permission Be non-judgemental Explore readiness for behaviour change Use MI
What is ASSESS of the 5 A’s?
Assess:
Assess the health risk and potential ‘root cause’ of behaviour
What is ADVICE of the 5 A’s?
Advice:
Advice on behaviour
What is AGREE of the 5 A’s?
Agree:
Agree in realistic expectations and SMART goals/ agree on treatment plan
What is ASSIST in the 5 A’s?
Assist:
Assist in addressing driver and barriers, offer education and refer
Arrange a follow up
