Lecture/Lab 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

To cut apart

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

the study of the integrated functions of the body and the functions of all its parts (systems, organs, tissues, cells, and cell components)

Question 3

Gross (macroscopic) anatomy

Answer 3

study of the form and relationships of the structures of the body that can be seen with the unaided eye

Question 4

Comparative anatomy

Answer 4

the study of the structures of various species of animals, with a focus on characteristics that aid in classification

Question 5

Embryology

Answer 5

study of developmental anatomy

From conception to birth

Question 6

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 6

study of tissues and cells that can be seen only with the aid of a microscope

Question 7

Cranial

Answer 7

toward the head

Question 8

caudal

Answer 8

toward the tail

Question 9

rostral

Answer 9

toward the nose

Question 10

median plane

Answer 10

divides the body into equal left and right halves

Question 11

sagittal plane

Answer 11

any plane parallel to the median plane

Question 12

transverse plane

Answer 12

at right angles to the median plane
divides the body into cranial and caudal sections
cross section

Question 13

horizontal plane

Answer 13

divides the body into dorsal (upper) and ventral (lower) segments

Question 14

medial

Answer 14

close or toward median plane

Question 15

lateral

Answer 15

away from the median plane

Question 16

dorsal

Answer 16

toward or beyond the backbone or vertebral column

Question 17

ventral

Answer 17

away from the vertebral column or toward the midabdominal wall

Question 18

Deep/internal

Answer 18

indicate proximity to the center of an anatomical structure

Question 19

superficial/external

Answer 19

refer to proximity to the surface of the body

Question 20

proximal

Answer 20

relatively close to a given part
usually the vertebral column, body, or center of gravity
used in reference to an extremity or limb

Question 21

distal

Answer 21

farther from the vertebral column

used in reference to portions of an extremity

Question 22

prone

Answer 22

refers to a position in which the dorsal aspect of the body or extremity is uppermost

Question 23

plantigrade

Answer 23

• walk on sole of feet
• toes and metatarsals flat
• humans, bears, squirrels

Question 24

digitigrade

Answer 24

walk on the digits

-dog and cat

Question 25

Unguligrade

Answer 25

• hooved
• walk on tips of digits
• horse, pig, cattle, sheep

Question 26

fistulation

Answer 26

Permanent opening into the rumen at the paralumbar region

-allows for sampling from rumen/ruminal fluid

Question 27

Tapetum lucidum

Answer 27

• layer of reflective tissue behind retina

- reflects light back through the retina, increasing the light available to the photoreceptors

Question 28

lumen

Answer 28

open, interior space of a tubular organ