LECTURE II Flashcards
CHECK ON LEARNING
Most states in the US forbid doctors from assisting in patient suicide, reasoning that it is not a doctors job to hasten death but to prolong life, what type of reasoning would this be from the three types of ethical theories we have learned?
Kant
Some states like New Mexico, Oregon, Vermont, Montana, California, and Washington allow aid in dying. Proponents of the legislation that made this legal argued that allowing people to choose to die when they are terminally ill and suffering respects their dignity and shows compassion for human suffering, what type of reasoning would this be from the three types of ethical theories we have learned?
Aristotle
Some states like New Mexico, Oregon, Vermont, Montana, California, and Washington allow aid in dying. Proponents of the legislation that made this legal argued that allowing people to choose to die when they are terminally ill and suffering costs less, frees up resources for others and gives relief to both patients and their families, what type of reasoning would this be from the three types of ethical theories we have learned?
Mill
what are the four models discussed in the doctor patient relationships?
engineering model
priestly model
collegial model
contractual model
which of the doctor patient relationship models treats the person as someone you are going to fix?
engineering model
which of the doctor patient relationship models is the one in which the patient does everything the doctor tells them, sees them as knowledgeable on everything?
priestly model
which of the doctor patient relationship models values the relationship between patient and doctor?
collegial model
which of the doctor patient relationship models is viewed as an obligation of the doctor to the patient and the doctor does only what needs to be done?
contractual model
what are the elements of informed consent?
disclosure understandable information voluntariness competence consent
what is this element of consent?
nature of condition, options, risks, recommendations and nature of consent as authorization
disclosure
what is this element of consent?
doctor must provide info that a hypothetical reasonable person would understand
understandable info
what is this element of consent?
no coercion, manipulation or constraint; patient must be able to self determine
voluntariness
what is this element of consent?
patient must show an understanding of the information given; may take into account experience, maturity, age, responsibility, judgement, and mental health
competence
what is this element of consent?
patient must give autonomous authorization of the medical intervention
consent
a rare neurological disorder in which there is complete paralysis of all voluntary muscles except for the ones that control the movements of the eyes.
locked in syndrome
what are the types of consent?
written
verbal
implied
what is the best kind of consent?
written
this what patients should be told in order to fulfill the requirement that they be given full disclosure in a manner that is understandable?
standards of disclosure
what are the three types of standards of disclosure?
professional community standard
reasonable patient standard
patient centered standard
what are the two most important standards of disclosure?
reasonable patient standard
patient centered standard
how should we determine competency?
does the patient understand the nature of the illness
is the patients decision based on rational reasoning
these factors contribute to this type of treatment?
denial unrealistic expectations feelings of helplessness belief religion faulty reasoning entitlement
futile treatment
what are the types of futility?
quantitative futility
qualitative futility
this type of futility is used when the treatment has a very small chance of helping the patient (less than 1%)
quantitative futility
this type of futility is used when the benefit of intervention is extremely small or poor?
qualitative futility
what is this term:
demands that the parents decide in cases like this, even if what they are demanding is (a) against medical device and (b) utterly futile
full autonomy
what is this term:
demands that doctors decide and refuse to offer futile care
full paternalism
what is this term:
the patient wants it
autonomy
what is this term:
there is harm and a risk of harm
nonmaleficience
what is this term:
the benefit may or may not outweigh the harm and risks
beneficence
