Lecture Five/Six: Program Planning

Question 1

What is the most important part of community assessment?

Answer 1

MEETING PEOPLE WHERE THEY ARE

Question 2

What are the purposes of community assessment?

Answer 2

assist the CHN to identify community strengths, resources, assets, capacities and opportunities
clarify community needs and health concerns
identify community constraints

Question 3

What is community competence

Answer 3

ability of community to identify problems/ effectively plan responses

Question 4

What is community capacity

Answer 4

strengths, resources, problem solving abilities of a community

Question 5

What are the 5 approaches to community assessment?

Answer 5

epidemiological
needs based
demographic
community health profile
community development

Question 6

What is a needs assessment?

Answer 6

systematic appraisal of the type, depth, and nature of the health needs/ problems as perceived by clients, health providers or both in a community

Question 7

what is the community assessment process?

Answer 7

identification of available resources
collection and analysis of information already available
develop a data collection plan and time frame
completion of community data collection (interviews)
analysis of results (most needed)
reporting back to community (inform of results from survey)
setting priorities for action (what your project will be)

Question 8

What is data collection from a community as partner view

Answer 8

community participates through all stages
CHN must have purposeful interaction with other professionals most importantly, the community members

Question 9

What is the first step in data collection

Answer 9

GAIN ACCEPTANCE INTO COMMUNITY

Question 10

What are the 4 stages of community assessment

Answer 10

1. assessment
2. planning
3. implementation
4. evaluation

Question 11

What are 2 assessment tools

Answer 11

quantitative methods vs qualitative

Question 12

What is secondary analysis of existing data ?

Answer 12

previously gathered information including:
- public documents (water quality)
- census data (#ppl in household, births, deaths, income)
- meeting minutes (town hall meeting)

Question 13

What are some data collection methods

Answer 13

• demographic/epidemiological data (rarely accurate)
• national and local policy documents
• literature review

Question 14

What are some “doing it right” data collection methods

Answer 14

• participant observation
• key informants
• focus groups
• community forum
• surveys of community members/aggregate

Question 15

What must be considered when doing a survey

Answer 15

purpose, timeframe, information needed, format, delivery

Question 16

Important notes for surveys

Answer 16

• place more sensitive or difficult questions at the end
• only seek information pertinent to your assessment
• group questions by topic
• construct questions for ease of response

Question 17

How does a ranking question on a survey help?

Answer 17

to determine priority

Question 18

What is the Likert scale

Answer 18

strongly agree-strongly disagree

Question 19

What does the planning stage entail

Answer 19

establishing priorities
establishing goals and objectives
identifying interventions
further analyzing the data

Question 20

What is a goal?

Answer 20

broad statement of desired outcomes

Question 21

What is an objective

Answer 21

precise statements that are meant to achieve the goal. SMART

Question 22

What are the 4 parts of a community diagnosis

Answer 22

1. issue description, problem, response or state
2. statement regarding the aggregate, population, or community focus
3. related factors to the host or environment
4. signs and symptoms that are characteristics of the issue, problem, response or state

Question 23

What is the implementation stage?

Answer 23

the programs and activities aimed at achieving the goals and objectives

Question 24

What is a change agent (content expert)

Answer 24

stresses gathering and analyzing facts and implementing programs that are already developed.
ex: literature review, knowing the facts

Question 25

What is a change partner (process expert)

Answer 25

teacher of problem solving skills to address the concern (activist/advocate).
knowledge of resources

Question 26

What is Lewin’s theory of planned change

Answer 26

1. unfreezing- identification of need for change
2. moving process- identification of problems and adaptation of plan to circumstances
3. refreezing- implementation of the plan

Question 27

What is the diffusion of innovation theory

Answer 27

provides guidance on effective ways to encourage clients to adopt new ideas
individuals adopt innovations at different rates

Question 28

What are the 5 types of clients

Answer 28

innovators (open to new ideas)
early adopters (keeners)
middle adapters
late majority (debbie downer)
laggards (v traditional and stuck )

Question 29

what is formative evaluation

Answer 29

permits improvements while activities are in progress (ongoing)

Question 30

what is summative evaluation

Answer 30

provides retrospective information up to the point where the evaluation is completed

Question 31

some questions to ask during evaluation

Answer 31

has the concern resolved, health risk been reduced
have SMART goals been met
which interventions were effective

Question 32

why develop an evaluation plan

Answer 32

guidance
decide what information you need
identify best ways to get the needed information
develop a timeline for evaluation

Question 33

what is process(formative) evaluation

Answer 33

improving the operation of the program
“are we doing what we said we would do?”
ex: checklists, review of objectives

Question 34

what is impact evaluation(short term outcome)

Answer 34

immediate impact
“is our program effective?”

Question 35

what are some tools to measure impact evaluation

Answer 35

questions & answer sessions
survey
pretest/posttest
key informant interviews

Question 36

what is outcome evaluation (longterm)

Answer 36

seeks to evaluate whether the ultimate goal of the program was achieved