Lecture Five/Six: Program Planning Flashcards
What is the most important part of community assessment?
MEETING PEOPLE WHERE THEY ARE
What are the purposes of community assessment?
assist the CHN to identify community strengths, resources, assets, capacities and opportunities
clarify community needs and health concerns
identify community constraints
What is community competence
ability of community to identify problems/ effectively plan responses
What is community capacity
strengths, resources, problem solving abilities of a community
What are the 5 approaches to community assessment?
epidemiological
needs based
demographic
community health profile
community development
What is a needs assessment?
systematic appraisal of the type, depth, and nature of the health needs/ problems as perceived by clients, health providers or both in a community
what is the community assessment process?
identification of available resources
collection and analysis of information already available
develop a data collection plan and time frame
completion of community data collection (interviews)
analysis of results (most needed)
reporting back to community (inform of results from survey)
setting priorities for action (what your project will be)
What is data collection from a community as partner view
community participates through all stages
CHN must have purposeful interaction with other professionals most importantly, the community members
What is the first step in data collection
GAIN ACCEPTANCE INTO COMMUNITY
What are the 4 stages of community assessment
- assessment
- planning
- implementation
- evaluation
What are 2 assessment tools
quantitative methods vs qualitative
What is secondary analysis of existing data ?
previously gathered information including:
- public documents (water quality)
- census data (#ppl in household, births, deaths, income)
- meeting minutes (town hall meeting)
What are some data collection methods
- demographic/epidemiological data (rarely accurate)
- national and local policy documents
- literature review
What are some “doing it right” data collection methods
- participant observation
- key informants
- focus groups
- community forum
- surveys of community members/aggregate
What must be considered when doing a survey
purpose, timeframe, information needed, format, delivery
Important notes for surveys
- place more sensitive or difficult questions at the end
- only seek information pertinent to your assessment
- group questions by topic
- construct questions for ease of response
How does a ranking question on a survey help?
to determine priority
What is the Likert scale
strongly agree-strongly disagree
What does the planning stage entail
establishing priorities
establishing goals and objectives
identifying interventions
further analyzing the data
What is a goal?
broad statement of desired outcomes
What is an objective
precise statements that are meant to achieve the goal. SMART
What are the 4 parts of a community diagnosis
- issue description, problem, response or state
- statement regarding the aggregate, population, or community focus
- related factors to the host or environment
- signs and symptoms that are characteristics of the issue, problem, response or state
What is the implementation stage?
the programs and activities aimed at achieving the goals and objectives
What is a change agent (content expert)
stresses gathering and analyzing facts and implementing programs that are already developed.
ex: literature review, knowing the facts
What is a change partner (process expert)
teacher of problem solving skills to address the concern (activist/advocate).
knowledge of resources
What is Lewin’s theory of planned change
- unfreezing- identification of need for change
- moving process- identification of problems and adaptation of plan to circumstances
- refreezing- implementation of the plan
What is the diffusion of innovation theory
provides guidance on effective ways to encourage clients to adopt new ideas
individuals adopt innovations at different rates
What are the 5 types of clients
innovators (open to new ideas)
early adopters (keeners)
middle adapters
late majority (debbie downer)
laggards (v traditional and stuck )
what is formative evaluation
permits improvements while activities are in progress (ongoing)
what is summative evaluation
provides retrospective information up to the point where the evaluation is completed
some questions to ask during evaluation
has the concern resolved, health risk been reduced
have SMART goals been met
which interventions were effective
why develop an evaluation plan
guidance
decide what information you need
identify best ways to get the needed information
develop a timeline for evaluation
what is process(formative) evaluation
improving the operation of the program
“are we doing what we said we would do?”
ex: checklists, review of objectives
what is impact evaluation(short term outcome)
immediate impact
“is our program effective?”
what are some tools to measure impact evaluation
questions & answer sessions
survey
pretest/posttest
key informant interviews
what is outcome evaluation (longterm)
seeks to evaluate whether the ultimate goal of the program was achieved
