Lecture Exxam

Question 1

hybridization regularly occurs between 3 species of finch, but the finches are still considered different species because

Answer 1

they occupy different niches

Question 2

what isolating mechanism is postzygotic?

Answer 2

hybrid sterility

Question 3

prezygotic isolating mechanisms include all except

Answer 3

hybrid sterility

Question 4

reproductive isolation is

Answer 4

required by the biological species concept

Question 5

allopatric speciation

Answer 5

involves geographic isolation of some kind

Question 6

gradualism and punctuated equilibrium are

Answer 6

two ends of the continuum of the role of evolutionary change

Question 7

character displacement

Answer 7

arises through competition & natural selection, favoring divergence in resource use

Question 8

if reinforcement is weak & hybrids are not completely infertile

Answer 8

genetic divergence between populations may be overcome by gene flow

Question 9

hybridization between incompletely isolated populations

Answer 9

can serve as a mechanism for preserving gene flow between populations, thus preventing speciation

Question 10

natural selection can lead to speciation because

Answer 10

the evolutionary changes that 2 populations acquire while adapting to different habitats may have the effect of making them reproductively isolated

Question 11

cladistics

Answer 11

requires distinguishing similarity “due to the inheritance from a common ancestor” form other reasons for similarity

Question 12

principle of parsimony

Answer 12

helps evolutionary biologists distinguish among competing phylogenetic hypotheses

Question 13

the forelimb of a bird and a rhino

Answer 13

are homologous and symplesiomorphic

Question 14

in order to determine polarity for different states of a character

Answer 14

an outgroup must be identified

Question 15

in a paraphyletic group

Answer 15

some species are more closely related to species outside the group than to some species within the group

Question 16

a paraphyletic group includes

Answer 16

an ancestor & some of its decendants

Question 17

a taxonomic group that contains species that have similar phenotypes due to convergent evolution is

Answer 17

polyphyletic

Question 18

species recognized by the phylogenetic species concept

Answer 18

sometimes would be recognized by the biological species concept

Question 19

overall similarity of phenotypes may not always reflect evolutionary relationships

Answer 19

due to homoplasy, convergent evolution, & because of variation in rates of evolutionary change of different kinds of characters

Question 20

parsimony suggests that parental care in birds, crocodiles, & some dinosaurs

Answer 20

evolved once in an ancestor common to all 3 groups

Question 21

which of the following characteristics is unique to all animals

Answer 21

lack of cell walls

Question 22

in animal reproduction, the gametes are formed by the process of

Answer 22

meiosis

Question 23

the evolution of bilateral symmetry was a necessary precursor for the evolution of

Answer 23

cephalization

Question 24

which of the following is used to distinguish between a parazoan & an eumetazoan?

Answer 24

tissues

Question 25

the larval stage of a cnidarian is known as the

Answer 25

planula

Question 26

the coelom

Answer 26

a synapomorphy for the clade comprising protostomes & deuterstomes

Question 27

which of the following cell types of a sponge possesses a flagellum

Answer 27

chaonocyte

Question 28

acoel flatworms

Answer 28

the sister taxon to the clade comprised of protostomes & deuterostomes

Question 29

which of the following would not apply to a species in the ecdysozoa?

Answer 29

indeterminate cleavage

Question 30

solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut and outer body wall

Answer 30

acoelomate

Question 31

function of a guard cell

Answer 31

allows co2 uptake

Question 32

in vascular plants, one difference between root & shoot systems

Answer 32

root systems cannot undergo secondary growth

Question 33

which of the following plant cell is mismatched?

Answer 33

collenchyma-performs photosynthesis

Question 34

a unique feature of plants indeterminate growth, this is possible because

Answer 34

meristematic cells continually replace themselves

Question 35

which of the following root structures is no longer beneficial in hydroponics?

Answer 35

root caps

Question 36

in order to get rid of trees effectively, one should completely remove the

Answer 36

vascular cambium

Question 37

which of these is botanically not a berry?

Answer 37

raspberry

Question 38

a lateral shoot apex that allows the plant to branch

Answer 38

axillary bud

Question 39

forms outer layer of the body and is in contact w/ the environment

Answer 39

dermal tissue

Question 40

vessels that conduct fluids & dissolved substances throughout the plant body

Answer 40

vascular tissue